竹木混合直交集成地板性能

Abstract

於倡議永續及環保的世代，生物質材料成為趨勢，為善加利用竹材與木材各自的優點，彌補短缺來達到兩者之間較佳的互補成效，逐漸發展竹木混合之工程製品。為配合政府欲提昇國產材自給率之政策，本研究採用國產杉木（China fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata）、台灣杉（Taiwania, Taiwania cryptomerioides）及柳杉（Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica）之2×4規格材與竹重組板（Bamboo scrimber）製成長1200mm×寬400mm×厚38mm竹木混合直交集成板（Hybrid cross laminated timber-bamboo, CLTB）。集成元經過目視分等，超過80%為一等材，在MOE與DMOEt之試驗，兩者間的R2為0.526，爾後，集成元以乙烯脲酯膠合劑（Vinyl urethane adhesive）製成五種配置的直交集成板BWB、WBW、WWW、WWW-J120、WWW-J120/60，最後進行一系列的物理及力學分析，包含膠合試驗、平板振動試驗、抗彎試驗、抗剪試驗、抗壓試驗及尺寸穩定性。 直交集成板之膠合性能中，本試驗製作各項配置之直交集成板膠合效果不如預期，無法達到CNS16114的要求品質。以平板振動試驗計算工程常數，BWB在Ex、Ey、Gxy平均為15.04、2.27、1.42 GPa；WBW為8.36、0.94、0.72 GPa；M120之WWW為8.99、0.59、0.69 GPa；M60的WWW較低，分別為7.93、0.54、0.62 GPa。抗彎試驗中，以BWB之MOE為12.18 GPa，MOR為38.45 MPa；WBW之MOE為8.06 GPa，MOR為39.60 MPa；M120的WWW平均MOE為9.75-10.34 GPa，MOR為51.39-5725 MPa，M60的WWW平均MOE為6.70 GPa，MOR為35.24 MPa。彎曲破壞模式主要有脫層、拉伸破壞和橫向層滾動剪斷破壞，破壞比例分別為32.7%、33.3%、16.7%，同時發生脫層與滾動剪斷破壞者約17.3%。另外，試驗值MOE和理論值E間之R2為0.743。在剪切試驗中，BWB之fv為2.91 MPa，G為707.17 MPa；WBW之fv為2.97 MPa，G為426.89 MPa；M120的WWW平均fv為3.20～3.40 MPa，G為461.87～563.65 MPa；M60的WWW平均fv為2.47 MPa，G為340.55 MPa。將抗彎模數與剪切模數與平板振動試驗所得的Ex和Gxy做相關分析，R2分別為0.654和0.615，具有良好相關性。在壓縮試驗中，BWB配置縱向強度皆大於34.56 MPa，橫向抗壓平均強度約為29.98 MPa；WBW縱向抗壓平均強度約為28.13 MPa，橫向抗壓平均強度約為25.37 MPa；WWW縱向抗壓平均強度約為22.69 MPa，橫向抗壓平均強度約為13.31 MPa。尺寸穩定性主要有吸水率和厚度膨脹率，因竹重組板不易使水分進入，因此BWB配置在這兩項數值是所有配置中最低，分別為3.49%和0.79%。WWW配置中，面板密度與與吸水率為負相關，與厚度膨脹率為正相關，以J120柳杉密度最高，因此其吸水率最低，值為11.78%，而厚度膨漲率為2.14%。

In a generation advocating for sustainability and environmental protection, biomass materials have become a trend. To make the best use of the respective advantages of bamboo and wood, there is a growing development of engineered products that combine both materials, aiming to complement each other''s shortcomings and achieve optimal synergies between the two. To align with the government''s policy of enhancing the domestic timber self-sufficiency rate, this study utilized domestically sourced China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides), and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the 2×4 dimension lumber along with bamboo scrimber, to produce Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber-Bamboo (CLTB) panels measuring 1200 mm ×400 mm×38 mm. The laminae underwent visual grading, with over 80% meeting the first-grade standard. In tests conducts by the modulus of elastic (MOE) and the dynamic modulus of elastic (DMOEt), the R2 value between the two was determined to be 0.526. Subsequently, these laminae were bonded with vinyl urethane adhesive to create five configurations of cross-laminated panels (BWB, WBW, WWW, WWW-J120, WWW-J120/60). Finally, a series of physical and mechanical analysed, including adhesive tests, plate vibration tests, bending tests, shear tests, compression tests, and dimensional stability test, were carried out. In terms of the adhesive performance of cross-laminated panels, the bonding effects of various configurations in this experiment did not meet the quality requirements of CNS16114 as anticipated. Calculating engineering constants through plate vibration tests, the average values for Ex, Ey, and Gxy were as follows: BWB was 15.04, 2.27, and 1.42 GPa; WBW was 8.36, 0.94, and 0.72 GPa; M120 WWW was 8.99, 0.59, and 0.69 GPa; M60 WWW was 7.93, 0.54, and 0.62 GPa. In the bending test, BWB had an MOE of 12.18 GPa and MOR of 38.45 MPa; WBW had an MOE of 8.06 GPa and MOR of 39.60 MPa; M120 WWW had an average MOE of 9.75-10.34 GPa and MOR of 51.39-5725 MPa; M60 WWW had an average MOE of 6.70 GPa and MOR of 35.24 MPa. The predominant failure modes in bending test were delamination, tensile failure, and rolling shear failure in transverse layer, with proportions of 32.7%, 33.3%, and 16.7%, respectively, and approximately 17.3% experiencing both delamination and rolling shear failure. Additionally, the R2 between the experimental MOE and theoretical MOE values were 0.743. In the shear test, BWB had fv of 2.91 MPa and G of 707.17 MPa; WBW had fv of 2.97 MPa and G of 426.89 MPa; M120 WWW had an average fv of 3.20-3.40 MPa and G of 461.87-563.65 MPa; M60 WWW had an average fv of 2.47 MPa and G of 340.55 MPa. Correlational analyses between bending and shear modulus and Ex, Gxy obtained from plate vibration tests yielded R2 values of 0.654 and 0.615, indicating good correlation. In compression tests, the longitudinal strength of BWB configurations exceeds 34.56 MPa, and the average transverse compressive strength was approximately 29.98 MPa. For WBW, the longitudinal compressive strength averaged around 28.13 MPa, and the transverse compressive strength averaged around 25.37 MPa. For WWW, the longitudinal compressive strength averaged around 22.69 MPa, and the transverse compressive strength averaged around 13.31 MPa. Dimensional stability was mainly assessed through water absorption and thickness swelling rates. Due to the limited water permeability of bamboo scrimber, BWB configuration exhibited the lowest values in both parameters at 3.49% and 0.79%, respectively. In WWW configuration, M120 Japanese cedar has the highest density, resulting in the lowest water absorption at 11.78% and a thickness swelling rate of 2.14%.