2010年後英國及日本因應氣候變遷的輸配電業治理轉型：兼論對我國的啟發

Abstract

1990年代起在歐美國家興起電力市場改革，目的是促進市場自由及公平競爭，將「競爭」的發、售電部門與「非競爭」的輸配電部門分開運作，以維持使用電網的公平性。同時伴隨著氣候變遷議題的浮現，各國紛紛投入「能源轉型」以發展再生能源，電網更被視為是轉型成功與否的重要關鍵。本研究析論2010年代後，多元發電業者的加入及智慧化治理的發展下，進而產生的輸配電業治理的新趨向。本論文以次級資料分析，從英國與日本的電力治理轉型經驗觀之，輸配電業治理的重點由維持市場競爭轉型至以智慧化管理達到提高電力使用的效率及效能，並輔以獨立監管機構監督新技術的運用。輸配電業的治理轉型不僅受到技術創新的影響，也源自於政體內部法規、政策乃至於行動者們的行為而改變其治理方式。本研究透過析論他國的轉型經驗以及電力治理的新趨向，提供我國電力治理轉型的新啟發。

Since the 1990s, electricity market reforms have emerged in European countries and Japan to promote market liberalization and fair competition. In addition, they operate separate power generation and sales departments from power transmission and distribution departments to maintain fairness in the power grid use. At the same time, as climate change emerges, countries are investing in "energy transition" to develop renewable energy, and the power grid is regarded as a key point to the transition's success. This study focuses on electricity governance transitions in the United Kingdom and Japan. It discusses the new trends in power transmission and distribution industry governance arising from the entry of renewable generation players. It also discusses the development of smart governance after the 2010s. Power transmission and distribution industry governance is not only affected by technological innovation, but also by internal regulations, policies, and even actor behavior. This study provides insights into inspiration for Taiwan's power governance transition by analyzing other countries' transition experiences and the latest trends in power governance.