哈瑪星、Hamasen、Hámásing：溢出再造歷史現場的空間政治

Abstract

本研究探討再造歷史現場計畫執行過程，如何以「再造歷史」的名義規劃空間改造策略、如何透過文化之名動員地方團體達到社會參與目標，以及計劃階段性結束後對地方社區產生後續影響。筆者聚焦高雄興濱計畫，自「哈瑪星」一個具有強烈地方政治意識的空間命名，檢視老屋保存、歷史場域營造乃至高雄舊港區整體再發展議題。計劃執行過程中「歷史」概念被選擇性動員，並透過空間「再造」手法試圖帶動觀光經濟，卻對「現場」倡議市民與地方里民造成排除作用，在哈瑪星隱然形成張力。 因此，本研究嘗試從文化襲產與文化治理的視角入手，剖析該計畫的運作方式以及民間組織的動員回應，探討其如何對抗、對話，以及推動舊港區的襲產化與空間政治過程。筆者透過相關行動者的訪談、實際參與地方文史團體的日常營運，並配合新聞報導、地方社團討論與相關文獻，探討興濱計畫的實施對地方造成之實質影響。 筆者認為，再造歷史現場計畫雖提及文化公民權的重要性，但從哈瑪星興濱計畫執行經驗看到現況比預期更為複雜，尤其「歷史」城市、「再造」工程以及「現場」生活間存在一種既依賴又矛盾的關係。其中，哈瑪星倡議「市民」與現場「里民」的積極行動卻展現出對當地歷史的深切關注，甚至超越了公共部門的參與程度，著實擁有公眾參與能力，卻在興濱計畫執行過程難有參與機會。由此個案研究反省，在進行歷史再造規劃時，關鍵在於尊重參與哈瑪星歷史書寫的居民和文史工作者，並致力創造一個更友善的文化參與環境，將他們視為主要的參與者，以理解他們所建構的空間邏輯，是未來實施相關文化政策不可忽視的一環。

This study explores the execution process of the " Regeneration of Historic Sites " project, focusing on how spatial transformation strategies are planned under the guise of "recreating history," how local communities are mobilized through cultural initiatives to achieve social participation goals, and the subsequent impacts on local communities after the completion of project phases. Ｉ center on the "Hamasen Restoration Project" in Kaohsiung, examining issues related to the preservation of old houses, the creation of historical sites, and the overall redevelopment of the old port area in Kaohsiung, especially in the context of the politically charged space named "Hāmǎxīng." Throughout the project execution, the concept of "history" is selectively mobilized, attempting to stimulate tourism economy through spatial "recreation." However, it inadvertently excludes citizens and local residents, creating tensions in Hāmǎxīng. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the operation of the "Regeneration of Historic Sites" project and the responses of grassroots organizations from the perspectives of cultural heritage and cultural governance. It explores how these responses resist, engage in dialogue, and drive the heritageization and spatial politics of the old port area.Through interviews with relevant stakeholders, direct involvement in the daily operations of local cultural and historical organizations, and the analysis of news reports, local community discussions, and related literature, the author examines the tangible impacts of the Hamasen Restoration Project on the local community. I believe that while the "Regeneration of Historic Sites" project emphasizes the importance of cultural citizenship, the actual situation in Hāmǎxīng reveals complexities beyond expectations. The relationship between the "history" of the city, "recreation" projects, and "local" life is both dependent and contradictory. The advocacy for active participation by "citizens" and local "residents" in Hāmǎxīng demonstrates a profound concern for local history, surpassing the level of engagement by public sectors, showcasing significant public participation capabilities, yet facing limited opportunities for participation in the execution of the Hamasen Restoration Project. This case study reflects on the need to respect the active involvement of residents and cultural historians in the historical narrative of Hāmǎxīng when planning historical recreation. It emphasizes the importance of creating a more supportive cultural participation environment, considering them as primary participants to understand the spatial logic they construct. This perspective is crucial for future implementation of related cultural policies.