權利失效理論於勞動關係中之適用—以法院判決分析為中心

Abstract

本論文研究主題為「權利失效理論於勞動關係中之適用」，且特別著重研究我國法院判決適用權利失效理論之情形。具體上，本論文分由「權利失效於勞動法之特別問題與考量」及「我國勞動法實務操作權利失效之情形」2方向，以「回顧相關文獻」及「歸納分析法院判決」方式進行研究。 於「權利失效於勞動法之特別問題與考量」，本論文發現，於權利失效適用範圍、要件，及效果等處。存在關於勞動法之特別問題或考量。並整理相關學說實務見解，及提出本論文之看法。 於「我國勞動法實務操作權利失效之情形」，本論文歸納分析「勞動法權利失效判決中，法院如何將事實涵攝權利失效要件？」後發現，於「時間要素」，有法院由權利失效理論創設具體時效。於「狀況要素」，除「權利人不行使權利」外，有法院尚考量其他情狀。於「信賴要素」，較多法院係以寬鬆標準進行審酌。 最後，本論文除總結研究成果外。並建議，訂立「確認僱傭關係存在訴訟」之「相關時間限制」規定。

The thesis mainly discusses Forfeiture (Verwirkung) in Labor Law, especially in domestic courts’ judgments. To be more specific, the research follows two directions, “Forfeiture’s special issue about Labor Law” and “the operation of Forfeiture in Labor Law in domestic judicial practices”. The research is completed by “literature review” and “induction and analysis of judgments”. For “Forfeiture’s special issue about Labor Law”, the thesis founds that there are special issues about Labor Law when discussing about the scope, elements, legal effects, etc. of Forfeiture (Verwirkung). The thesis summarizes the views about the issues mentioned above in the literature and in practice. Also, it expresses personal opinions. For “the operation of Forfeiture in Labor Law in domestic judicial practices”, after organizing and analyzing how facts are subsumed under Forfeiture (Verwirkung) in Labor Law in courts’ judgments, the thesis observes the following situation. For “Time Factor”, some courts create the precise limitation of action according to Forfeiture (Verwirkung). For “State Factor”, some courts do not only consider “rights holder does not exercise the right”, but also other facts. For “Reliance Factor”, most courts examine the element in the less strict standard. Finally, in addition to summing up the research result, the thesis suggests that the authorities concerned make the regulation about time’s limit on confirming the existence of employment relations.