觀音工業區點源污染物分析與減量策略

Abstract

因工業區活動產生多種空氣污染物排放，常引起鄰近住戶與環保團體的關注，難以辨識該區空氣污染來源，為了改善空氣品質，本研究以觀音工業區為例，彙整固定污染源排放量資料，並以 TEDS 第 12 版排放量為基礎，使用主成分分析工業區污染來源和排放狀況，藉由分析結果，結合空污防制成本相關資料，擬定最佳化減量策略。 本研究發現該工業區近 4 年 TSP、SOx、NOx 以及 NMHC 等污染物整體排放量逐年呈下降趨勢，並以 TEDS 第 12 版排放量資料進行主成分分析，選擇三個主成分，解釋數據 77.5%變異性，其中第一個主成分（PC1）主要排放物質為 TSP、PM10 與 PM2.5；第二個主成分（PC2）主要排放污染物為 THC 與 NMHC；第三個主成分（PC3）主要排放污染物為 NOx 與 Pb，並經分析得知未分類其他非金屬礦物製品製造業（瀝青拌合業）污染程度最大，其次為塑膠原料製造業、鋼鐵鑄造業與化學原材料製造業等。 另該工業區 2021 年整體污染物（TSP、SOx、NOx 與 NMHC 污染物排放量加總）於最小減量成本下額外改善5%、10%、15%、20%與 25%五種情形進行分析，在空品額外改善 5%情形中，可發現 NMHC 為優先去除污染物；而於額外 10%改善情形下新增 TSP 排放量管制，SOx 與 NOx 分析結果皆無減量；當整體污染額外改善 25%情形下，新增 SOx 與 NOx 排放量管制，額外減量成本約 2,538 萬元，除此之外，在成本最小下，NMHC 額外減量噸數及去除比例最高，可列為優先去除污染物；另各別污染物（TSP、SOx、NOx 與 NMHC）額外改善情形提升至 25%，減量成本約 2,781 萬元，相較於整體污染物額外改善情形 25%，增加 243 萬元，主要為整體污染物額外改善可優先擇成本較低污染物進行，使減量成本降低，本研究亦結合主成分分析及減量成本分析結果分別提供減量建議。此外，亦針對整體污染物或各別污染物不同情境下之減量成本進行敏感度分析，評估各行業於變動範圍內之減量成本，仍具備經濟效益。

In recent years, air pollution has become a major concern for residents and environmental groups living near industrial areas. It is often difficult to identify the sources of air pollution in these areas. To improve air quality, this study used the case of the Guanyin Industrial Park in Taiwan to compile data on emissions from stationary sources. Using the 12th edition of the Taiwan Emission Data System (TEDS), the study used principal component analysis to identify the sources and emissions of air pollutants in the industrial park. The results of the analysis were combined with data on air pollution control costs to develop an optimized reduction strategy. The study found that emissions of particulate matter (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (NMHC) in the industrial park have been declining in recent years. Principal component analysis of TEDS 12 data identified three main components that explain 77.5% of the variation in the data. The first component (PC1) is primarily composed of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5. The second component (PC2) is primarily composed of THC and NMHC. The third component (PC3) is primarily composed of NOx and Pb. The study also found that the largest polluter in the industrial park is the uncategorized other non-metallic mineral products manufacturing industry (asphalt mixing industry), followed by the plastic raw materials manufacturing industry, the iron and steel casting industry, and the chemical raw materials manufacturing industry. The study also analyzed the cost-effectiveness of reducing overall pollution in the industrial park by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. In the case of a 5% reduction, NMHC were found to be the most cost-effective pollutant to remove. At a 10% reduction, adding a control on TSP emissions would not reduce SOx or NOx emissions. At a 25% reduction,adding controls on SOx and NOx emissions would cost approximately NT$25.38 million. At the lowest cost, NMHC had the highest reduction in tons and percentage removed, making them the top priority for removal. Increasing the reduction of each pollutant (TSP, SOx, NOx, and NMHC) to 25% would cost approximately NT$27.81 million, which is NT$2.43 million more than the cost of reducing all pollutants by 25%. This is because it is more cost-effective to prioritize the removal of pollutants with lower control costs. The study also provides reduction recommendations based on the results of the principal component analysis and the cost-effectiveness analysis. In addition, the study conducted sensitivity analysis of the cost of reducing overall pollution or individual pollutants under different scenarios. This analysis evaluated whether the reduction costs for each industry are still economically feasible within the range of variation.