台灣社會住宅的共居實踐：意向性社區的生活領域與空間感知

Abstract

在台灣，「青銀共居」、「共生公寓」、「合作住宅」、「共享房屋」和「雅房分租」等都是近年出現在我們身邊的，耳熟能詳的生活及居住型態。這些多元的社區形式在台灣社會發展的不同時期出現，也各自有著不同的發展背景。有些居住型態已經根深蒂固，有些則是剛剛起步。共同生活與居住的想像也逐漸影響著在居住正義之路徘徊的人們與之共鳴。 本研究從居住作為住宅的本質開始思考，從實際的共居空間中探討「生活領域」與「家」在社會住宅中的空間生產與社區意向的發展，並重點聚焦在社群及空間的互動與張力關係。本研究選取共同居住生活在林口社會住宅，且成立了由自閉症家庭所組成的新北市友善住宅公用合作社，以及在土城員和社會住宅中實踐合作共居的青年社群為分析對象。在社會住宅與社區關係的探討中，本研究嘗試分析在具有共同居住意向的社區裡，「生活領域」與「家」的關係及其重要性。從具有公共性與近鄰性的社區關係中解析住戶對於共居環境中的空間層次認知。同時，探究在由個人到組成社群，成立社區的過程中，社群組織的張力和社區的排他性特質對空間生產的影響。在此基礎上，筆者嘗試對共居社區中的意象性建構進行探討，釐清社區中的居住者、民間組織與國家機構間的關係。 在高房價及租屋黑市難以改善的當前台灣社會中，「共居」作為一種居住的選擇，「互助」與「共融」的特質影響著社群的發展和空間的生產。「共享」則作為一種生活的方式，讓社區內部的彼此得以相互承接。從家到社區，從共享到共居，離不開意向性的支持。

In Taiwan, concepts such as "intergenerational co-housing," "co-living apartments," " building co-operatives," "share house," and "room sharing" already became familiar and prominent forms of living and residential style in recent years. These diverse community forms have emerged at different stages of Taiwan's social development, each with its unique developmental background. Some of these living arrangements are deeply rooted, while others are just beginning to take shape. The evolving notions of co-living and residence are gradually resonating with individuals navigating the path of housing justice. This study starts by contemplating the essence of living as a form of housing. It explores the spatial production of the "territory" and "home" in social housing, along with the development of community intentions, while emphasizing the interaction and tension between communities and spaces. The study focuses on the analysis of two specific cases: a community of autism family in the Lin Kou social housing, which established a cooperative society for friendly housing. The other one is a group of young adults practicing collaborative co-living in the Yuan He social housing in Tu Cheng. In exploring the relationship between social housing and communities, the study attempts to analyze the extension of the "territory" and "home" within intentional co-living communities. It delves into residents' perceptions of spatial layers within the co-living environment through the lens of public and proximate community relationships. Tension dynamics between the individuals and the exclusivity of the community influence the production of space. This study will focus on how to construct intention within co-living communities, while clarifying the relationships among residents, civil society, and governmental bodies. Taiwan society is facing challenges includes soaring housing prices and rental housing market with no proper supervision mechanism. Therefore, co-living emerges as an alternative living style. In co-living communities, characteristics such as "Mutual Support" and "Inclusion" impact community development and spatial creation. "Sharing" becomes an essential mutual support within the community. From home to community, from sharing to co-living, intentionality remains a crucial support factor.