請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/90872
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王昱 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | Yu Wang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 吳昇翰 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author | Sheng-Han Wu | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-23T16:06:45Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-10-24 | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2023-10-23 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | - |
dc.date.submitted | 2002-01-01 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Abe, K., & Noguchi, S. i. (1983). Revision of magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes, 1897–1912. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 33(1), 1-11.
Agnew, D. C., & Sieh, K. E. (1978). A documentary study of the felt effects of the great California earthquake of 1857. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 68(6), 1717-1729. Armijo, R., Meyer, B., Hubert, A. l., & Barka, A. (1999). Westward propagation of the North Anatolian fault into the northern Aegean: Timing and kinematics. Geology, 27(3), 267-270. Barth, N. C., Toy, V. G., Langridge, R. M., & Norris, R. J. (2012). Scale dependence of oblique plate-boundary partitioning: New insights from LiDAR, central Alpine fault, New Zealand. Lithosphere, 4(5), 435-448. Bender, F. (1983). Geology Of Burma. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, Germany. Bertrand, G., Rangin, C., Maury, R. C., Hla Myo Htun, Bellon, H., & Guillaud, J.-P. (1998). Les basaltes de Singu (Myanmar): Nouvelles contraintes sur le taux de décrochement récent de la faille de Sagaing. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, 327(7), 479-484. Boatwright, J., & Bundock, H. (2005). Modified Mercalli intensity maps for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake plotted in ShakeMap format (2331-1258). Brown, C. (1917). The Burma Earthquakes of May 1912. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 42, 1-147. Brune, J. N. (1968). Seismic moment, seismicity, and rate of slip along major fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977), 73(2), 777-784. Cameron, N. (1983). The Stratigraphy of the Sihapas Formation in the North West of the Central Sumatra Basin. Indonesian Petroleum Association Annual Convention Proceedings, Jarkata. Crosetto, S., Watkinson, I. M., Min, S., Falcucci, E., Gori, S., & Thein, P. S. (2019). Searching for the 1912 Maymyo earthquake: New evidence from paleoseismic investigations along the Kyaukkyan Fault, Myanmar. Quaternary International, 532, 75-86. Cunningham, W. D., & Mann, P. (2007). Tectonics of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 290(1), 1-12. Curray, J., Moore, D., Lawver, L., Emmel, F., Raitt, R., Henry, M., & Kieckhefer, R. (1979). Tectonics of the Andaman Sea and Burma: convergent margins. Dziewonski, A. M., Chou, T.-A., & Woodhouse, J. H. (1981). Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86(B4), 2825-2852. Eberhart-Phillips, D., Haeussler, P. J., Freymueller, J. T., Frankel, A. D., Rubin, C. M., Craw, P., Ratchkovski, N. A., Anderson, G., Carver, G. A., Crone, A. J., Dawson, T. E., Fletcher, H., Hansen, R., Harp, E. L., Harris, R. A., Hill, D. P., Hreinsdóttir, S., Jibson, R. W., Jones, L. M., Kayen, R., Keefer, D. K., Larsen, C. F., Moran, S. C., Personius, S. F.,Plafker, G., Sherrod, B., Sitar, N., Wallace, W. K. (2003). The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska: A Large Magnitude, Slip-Partitioned Event. SCIENCE, 300(5622), 1113-1118. Ekström, G., Nettles, M., & Dziewoński, A. M. (2012). The global CMT project 2004–2010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 200-201, 1-9. Engdahl, E. R., & Villaseñor, A. (2002). Global Seismicity: 1900–1999. International Geophysics, 81A, 665-690. Gao, M., Xu, X., Klinger, Y., van der Woerd, J., & Tapponnier, P. (2017). High-resolution mapping based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture paleoseismic offsets along the Altyn-Tagh fault, China. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 8281. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08119-2 Gold, R. D., Cowgill, E., Arrowsmith, J. R., Chen, X., Sharp, W. D., Cooper, K. M., & Wang, X.-F. (2011). Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late Quaternary slip rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet. GSA Bulletin, 123(5-6), 958-978. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1942). Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 32(3), 163-191. Hall, R., & Morley, C. K. (2004). Sundaland basins. In Continent-ocean interactions within East Asian marginal seas (pp. 55-85). American Geophysical Union. Hansen, R. A., & Ratchkovski, N. A. (2004). Seismological Aspects of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 20(3), 555-563. Harp, E. L., Jibson, R. W., Kayen, R. E., Keefer, D. K., Sherrod, B. L., Carver, G. A., Collins, B. D., Moss, R. E. S., & Sitar, N. (2003). Landslides and liquefaction triggered by the M 7.9 denali fault earthquake of 3 November 2002. GSA Today, 13(8), 4-10. Hla Maung (1987). Transcurrent movements in the Burma–Andaman Sea region. Geology, 15(10), 911-912. Hurukawa, N., & Phyo Maung Maung (2011). Two seismic gaps on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, derived from relocation of historical earthquakes since 1918. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046099 Jibson, R. W., Harp, E. L., Schulz, W., & Keefer, D. K. (2004). Landslides Triggered by the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake and the Inferred Nature of the Strong Shaking. Earthquake Spectra, 20(3), 669-691. Jibson, R. W., Harp, E. L., Schulz, W., & Keefer, D. K. (2006). Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002. Engineering Geology, 83(1), 144-160. Kanamori, H. (1977). The energy release in great earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977), 82(20), 2981-2987. Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R. E. S., Collins, B. D., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., & Carver, G. (2004). Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 20(3), 639-667. Kincaid, E. (1840). Account of an Earthquake. The Foreign Missionary Chronicle, 8, 110-111. Klinger, Y., Etchebes, M., Tapponnier, P., & Narteau, C. (2011). Characteristic slip for five great earthquakes along the Fuyun fault in China. Nature Geoscience, 4(6), 389-392. Kuo, Y. T., Wang, Y., Hollingsworth, J., Huang, S. Y., Chuang, R. Y., Lu, C. H., Hsu, Y. C., Tung, H., Yen, J. Y., & Chang, C. P. (2019). Shallow Fault Rupture of the Milun Fault in the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien Earthquake: A High‐Resolution Approach from Optical Correlation of Pléiades Satellite Imagery. Seismological Research Letters, 90(1), 97-107. Lacassin, R., Replumaz, A., & Hervé Leloup, P. (1998). Hairpin river loops and slip-sense inversion on southeast Asian strike-slip faults. Geology, 26(8), 703-706. Leever, K. A., Gabrielsen, R. H., Sokoutis, D., & Willingshofer, E. (2011). The effect of convergence angle on the kinematic evolution of strain partitioning in transpressional brittle wedges: Insight from analog modeling and high-resolution digital image analysis. Tectonics, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002823 Leonard, M. (2014). Self‐Consistent Earthquake Fault‐Scaling Relations: Update and Extension to Stable Continental Strike‐Slip Faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(6), 2953-2965. Lettis, W., Bachhuber, J., Witter, R., Brankman, C., Randolph, C. E., Barka, A., Page, W. D., & Kaya, A. (2002). Influence of Releasing Step-Overs on Surface Fault Rupture and Fault Segmentation: Examples from the 17 August 1999 İzmit Earthquake on the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(1), 19-42. Mallick, R., Lindsey, E. O., Feng, L., Hubbard, J., Banerjee, P., & Hill, E. M. (2019). Active Convergence of the India-Burma-Sunda Plates Revealed by a New Continuous GPS Network. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3), 3155-3171. Martirosyan, A. H. (2004). Macroseismic Survey of the M7. 9, 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake (Final Technical Report ed.). Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Maurin, T., Masson, F., Rangin, C., Min, U. T., & Collard, P. (2010). First global positioning system results in northern Myanmar: Constant and localized slip rate along the Sagaing fault. Geology, 38(7), 591-594. McCaffrey, R. (1994). Global variability in subduction thrust zone-forearc systems. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 142(1), 173-224. McCarthy, A. J., & Elders, C. F. (1997). Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126(1), 355-363. Meixner, R. E., & Singer, M. J. (1981). Use of a field morphology rating system to evaluate soil formation and discontinuities. Soil Science, 131(2), 114-123. Michetti, A. M., Esposito, E., Guerrieri, L., Porfido, S., Serva, L., Tatevossian, R., Vittori, E., Audemard, F., Azuma, T., Clague, J., Comerci, V., Gürpinar, A., Mc Calpin, J., Mohammadioun, B., Mörner, N. A., Ota, Y., & Roghozin, E. (2007). Intensity Scale - ESI 2007. In V. E. Guerrieri L. (Ed.), Memorie Descrittive Della Carta Geologica D’italia (Vol. 74). APAT. Milliner, C. W. D., Dolan, J. F., Hollingsworth, J., Leprince, S., Ayoub, F., & Sammis, C. G. (2015). Quantifying near-field and off-fault deformation patterns of the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16(5), 1577-1598. Mosquera-Machado, S., Lalinde-Pulido, C., Salcedo-Hurtado, E., & Michetti, A. M. (2009). Ground effects of the 18 October 1992, Murindo earthquake (NW Colombia), using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI 2007) for the assessment of intensity. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 316(1), 123-144. Musson, R. M., Grünthal, G., & Stucchi, M. (2010). The comparison of macroseismic intensity scales. Journal of Seismology, 14(2), 413-428. Myint Thein, Kyaw Tint, & Aye Ko Aung (1991). On the lateral displacement of the Sagaing Fault, Georeport, 1, 23-34. University of Mandalay. Nielsen, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., & Rangin, C. (2004). From partial to full strain partitioning along the Indo-Burmese hyper-oblique subduction. Marine Geology, 209(1-4), 303-327. Oldham, T. (1883). A Catalogue Of Indian Earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of A. D. 1869. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 19, 163-215. Pacheco, J. F., & Sykes, L. R. (1992). Seismic moment catalog of large shallow earthquakes, 1900 to 1989. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 82(3), 1306-1349. Panda, D., Kundu, B., Gahalaut, V. K., & Rangin, C. (2018). Crustal deformation, spatial distribution of earthquakes and along strike segmentation of the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 166, 89-94. Paris, G., Machette, M. N., Dart, R. L., & Haller, K. M. (2000). Map and database of Quaternary faults and folds in Colombia and its offshore regions (2000-284). USGS. Prachuab, S. (1988). Historical Earthquakes of Thailand, Burma, and Indochina. In W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, & K. Shimazaki (Eds.), Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World (pp. 253-266). Academic Press Inc. Rangin, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., Nielsen, C., Farcy, F., Sun, D., Bourdon, E., Aung, T., Han, M., Htin, K., & Swe, M. (2001). Pull-apart basin history along the eastern Indian shear zone from Eocene to Present. EUG Meeting XI, Strasbourg, France. Reicherter, K., Michetti, A. M., & Silva, P. G. (2009). Palaeoseismology: historical and prehistorical records of earthquake ground effects for seismic hazard assessment. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 316(1), 1-10. Sauer, D. (2010). Approaches to quantify progressive soil development with time in Mediterranean climate—I. Use of field criteria. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 173(6), 822-842. Scharer, K. M., Salisbury, J. B., Arrowsmith, J. R., & Rockwell, T. K. (2014). Southern San Andreas Fault Evaluation Field Activity: Approaches to Measuring Small Geomorphic Offsets—Challenges and Recommendations for Active Fault Studies. Seismological Research Letters, 85(1), 68-76. Serva, L., Blumetti, A., Esposito, E., Guerrieri, L., Michetti, A., Okumura, K., Porfido, S., Reicherter, K., Silva, P., & Vittori, E. (2015). Earthquake Environmental Effects, intensity and seismic hazard assessment: the lesson of some recent large earthquakes. Memorie Descrittive Della Carta Geologica D’Italia; ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale: Rome, Italy. Serva, L., Vittori, E., Comerci, V., Esposito, E., Guerrieri, L., Michetti, A. M., Mohammadioun, B., Mohammadioun, G. C., Porfido, S., & Tatevossian, R. E. (2016). Earthquake Hazard and the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) Scale. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 173(5), 1479-1515. Sharp, R. V. (1972). Map showing recently active breaks along the San Jacinto fault zone between the San Bernardino area and Borrego Valley, California (675). USGS. Sieh, K. E. (1978). Slip along the San Andreas fault associated with the great 1857 earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 68(5), 1421-1448. Sladen, E. B. (1882). Notice of a recent Eruption from one of the Mud Volcanoes in Cheduba. Records Of The Geological Survey Of India,15, 141-142. The Government Of India. Socquet, A., Vigny, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., Simons, W., Rangin, C., & Ambrosius, B. (2006). India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003877 Soe Thura Tun, Wang, Y., Saw Ngwe Khaing, Myo Thant, Nyunt Htay, Yin Myo Min Htwe, Than Myint, & Sieh, K. (2014). Surface Ruptures of the Mw 6.8 March 2011 Tarlay Earthquake, Eastern Myanmar. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(6), 2915-2932. Soe Thura Tun, & Watkinson, I. M. (2017). Chapter 19 The Sagaing Fault, Myanmar. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 48(1), 413-441. Styron, R., & Pagani, M. (2020). The GEM Global Active Faults Database. Earthquake Spectra, 36(1S), 160-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020944182 Tha Zin Htet Tin, Nishimura, T., Hashimoto, M., Lindsey, E. O., Lin Thu Aung, Saw Myat Min, & Myo Thant. (2022). Present-day crustal deformation and slip rate along the southern Sagaing fault in Myanmar by GNSS observation. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105125 Tint Lwin Swe. (2016). Some Major Historical Earthquakes along the Sagaing Fault: Their Implication to Earthquake Risk Assessment of Yangon and Mandalay. Myanmar Symposium on Earthquake and Related Risk Reduction, Yangon, Myanmar. Tsutsumi, H., & Sato, T. (2009). Tectonic Geomorphology of the Southernmost Sagaing Fault and Surface Rupture Associated with the May 1930 Pegu (Bago) Earthquake, Myanmar. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99(4), 2155-2168. Vigny, C., Socquet, A., Rangin, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., Pubellier, M., Bouin, M.-N., Bertrand, G., & Becker, M. (2003). Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault, Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108(B11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001999 Wang, X., Wei, S., Wang, Y., Maung Maung, P., Hubbard, J., Banerjee, P., Huang, B.-S., Moe Oo, K., Bodin, T., Foster, A., & Almeida, R. (2019). A 3-D Shear Wave Velocity Model for Myanmar Region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(1), 504-526. Wang, Y., Sieh, K., Soe Thura Tun, Lai, K.-Y., & Myint Than. (2014). Active tectonics and earthquake potential of the Myanmar region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119(4), 3767-3822. Wang, Y., Sieh, K., Thura Aung, Soe Min, Khaing, S. N., & Soe Thura Tun. (2011). Earthquakes and slip rate of the southern Sagaing fault: insights from an offset ancient fort wall, lower Burma (Myanmar). Geophysical Journal International, 185(1), 49-64. Wang, Y., Tapponier, P., Thura Aung, Saw Ngwe Khaing, Lin Thu Aung, & Sieh, K. (2014). Morphotectonics of the Central Sagaing fault West of Mandalay: Trace of the 1839 Ava Earthquake Rupture. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA. Ward, S. N. (1997). Dogtails versus rainbows: Synthetic earthquake rupture models as an aid in interpreting geological data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(6), 1422-1441. Wells, D. L., & Coppersmith, K. J. (1994). New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4), 974-1002. Wesnousky, S. G. (1988). Seismological and structural evolution of strike-slip faults. Nature, 335(6188), 340-343. Wesnousky, S. G. (2006). Predicting the endpoints of earthquake ruptures. Nature, 444(7117), 358-360. Wesnousky, S. G. (2008). Displacement and Geometrical Characteristics of Earthquake Surface Ruptures: Issues and Implications for Seismic-Hazard Analysis and the Process of Earthquake Rupture. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98(4), 1609-1632. Win Swe. (2006). Earthquake hazard potentials in Myanmar: a science to public welfare outlook. Symp. Tectonics, Seismotectonics, and Earthquake Hazard Mitigation and Management of Myanmar Yangon, Myanmar. Wood, H. O., & Neumann, F. (1931). Modified Mercalli intensity scale of 1931. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 21(4), 277-283. Zielke, O., Arrowsmith, J. R., Grant Ludwig, L., & Akciz, S. O. (2012). High‐Resolution Topography‐Derived Offsets along the 1857 Fort Tejon Earthquake Rupture Trace, San Andreas Fault. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(3), 1135-1154. Zielke, O., Klinger, Y., & Arrowsmith, J. R. (2015). Fault slip and earthquake recurrence along strike-slip faults — Contributions of high-resolution geomorphic data. Tectonophysics, 638, 43-62. Zinke, R., Hollingsworth, J., & Dolan, J. F. (2014). Surface slip and off-fault deformation patterns in the 2013 MW 7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake: Implications for controls on the distribution of near-surface coseismic slip. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(12), 5034-5050. 千葉達朗, 鈴木雄介, 平松孝晋 (2007). 地形表現手法の諸問題と赤色立体地図. 地図(MAP", Journal of the Japan Cartographic Association), 45(1), 27-36. | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/90872 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 西元1839年3月23日,緬甸中部遭遇極嚴重的的地震,甚至遠達曼谷也能感受到晃動。歷史紀錄顯示1839年地震震央應位於阿瓦(Ava)附近,且幾可確定此次事件的孕震構造是緬甸與巽他地塊間的轉型斷層:實皆斷層(Sagaing Fault)。實皆斷層以南北向貫穿緬甸的右移斷層系統,總長度超過1000公里,持續以約20mm/yr的平均速率滑移。
實皆斷層沿線在過去150年間曾發生多次伴隨地表破裂的災害性地震,唯獨密鐵拉(Meiktila)至實皆(Sagaing)間的區段除可能造成1839年地震外,在過去近兩世紀中未有明確的地表同震破裂與地震記錄。以地震再現週期與斷層活動速率而言,該區段在過去超過100年以上未發生地震,可能表示斷層在該區段處於長達數百年的間震期閉鎖之狀態,並持續累積應力。為了解該地區的斷層活動性質,本研究試圖確定1839地震的地表破裂範圍,以及透過古地震研究的方法,嘗試重建密鐵拉區域的斷層活動歷史。 本研究透過高解析度數值地形模型,標記達西(Thazi)至內比多(Nay Pyi Taw)附近因斷層活動所造成的地表變形,並描繪斷層跡以及斷層跡上的錯移量紀錄以判斷1839阿瓦地震的平均同震位移量。其結果顯示此段沿線最後一次事件的平均右移量約為3.8 m。透過經驗公式計算顯示3.8 m平均同震位移量所對應之地震規模應介於MW 7.6 – MW 8.0間。除此之外,本研究試圖透過歷史文獻紀錄以及古地震露頭觀察重建1839地震的震度分布圖,並將之與1912 Maymyo earthquake (MW 7.7)等20—21世紀的大型平移斷層地震事件相比較。本研究於達西以南斷層附近發現一晚近地震事件所造成之噴砂露頭,顯示水平層狀湖相沉積物覆蓋於受擾動且被砂質侵入體貫穿的混亂湖相泥質沉積物之上,可能與1839年地震所引發的強地動相關。根據ESI 2007環境震度分級,該露頭代表IX級的震度。基於以上比較的結果,本研究認為1839阿瓦地震的規模顯著大於MW 7.7,震度分布與MW 7.9的地震相當。 參考前人對阿瓦地區的錯移量測量結果,本研究認為1839年地震可能在破裂區北段(阿瓦地區)造成5.5 m的平均地表錯移,而在破裂區南段(達西至內比多間)造成約3.8 m的平均同震錯移。使用前人GNSS研究得到的實階斷層斷層面寬度,本研究進一步計算1839年地震的地震矩規模應介於MW 7.8—MW 7.9之間,且其斷層同震破裂範圍應該至少達到285 km。本研究推論除上述之285 km外,北邊尚有40公里可能的破裂,最終同震破裂可能達325 km。本研究以錯移量經驗公式、震度比較、地震矩三種方法推估的地震規模很相近,都在MW 7.9上下。雖然1839阿瓦地震跨過兩個斷層段,且兩段上的1839地震同震錯移量並不相同,但若假設該同震錯移量在歷史上反覆發生,且斷層於間震期皆處於完全閉鎖的狀態,則兩個斷層段分別可能具有120年(阿瓦以北)與180年(阿瓦以南)的地震周期。這兩個假想的週期在歷史紀錄中幾乎都有可對應的地震紀錄。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The severe Ava earthquake of 1839 occurred on the central part of the dextral Sagaing fault, and destroyed several Burmese cities. Since then, no major earthquake occurred along this segment of the fault. Also, Sagaing fault is a major structure in Myanmar, which is active and moving at a pace of 20 mm/yr. Therefore, Myanmar is now under great seismic threat. While the 1839 Ava earthquake is well documented in written records, its earthquake magnitude is not constrained. Thus, this study decided to incorporate both active fault mapping and historical earthquake accounts to estimate the plausible magnitude of the 1839 earthquake, and to infer the possible scenario for the upcoming earthquake on the central segment of the Sagaing fault.
To achieve this goal, this study measured cumulative dextral offsets on single fault surface trace along the Sagaing fault’s plausible 1839 ruptured extent. On Meiktila segment, the southernmost part of the 1839 earthquake’s plausible ruptured extent, our observations on airborne LiDAR DEM suggest the mean smallest-dextral-offset reached ~3.8 m. It corresponds to the mean surface fault offset of MW 7.6-MW 8.0 earthquakes through various empirical relationships. The macroseismic records of 1839 earthquake are also more intense than the records of nearby 1912 Maymyo earthquake (MW 7.7), supporting our interpretation that the magnitude of 1839 earthquake is higher than MW 7.7. While we compare intensity map of 1839 earthquake with 2002 Denali earthquake (MW 7.9), we found they are roughly compatible, considering great difference in their site effects. Therefore, the result magnitude should be larger than MW 7.7 and equal to or smaller than MW 7.9. Previous researchers measured 7 m dextral slip on Sagaing segment, northern part of the 1839 earthquake’s plausible rupture. We re-interpret 5.5 m of it was contributed by 1839 earthquake. Combine it with our ~3.8 m dextral slip in the southern part of the fault rupture and fault plane geometry from previous GNSS result, we calculated the moment magnitude of the 1839 Ava earthquake to be MW 7.9. This result almost reach the upper limit estimated in our other methods. Therefore, the rupture length of the 1839 Ava earthquake might be equal to or slightly longer than 285 km, sum of previous research and our study area. We further suggested the most possible rupture length of the 1839 Ava earthquake might reach 325 km from Naypyitaw to the southern margin of Singu Basalt. The rupture extent of 1839 Ava earthquake broke across two segments, which have different activity history in the 20th -21st century. If the observed offset of the most-resent-earthquake on these segments kept occurring in the future, they are likely to rupture at a cycle of 120 years in the north and 180 years in the south, respectively. Moreover, corresponding earthquake events in historical records can be found. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2023-10-23T16:06:44Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2023-10-23T16:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 學位審定書 I
致謝 II 中文摘要 III 英文摘要 V 圖目錄 IX 表目錄 XII 第一章、 研究動機與目的 1 第二章、 前人研究 3 2.1 緬甸地區地體架構 3 2.2 實皆斷層 5 2.3 實皆斷層歷史地震統整 11 第三章、 研究方法 16 3.1 斷層錯移地形推估地震規模 16 3.1.1 數值高程圖 16 3.1.2 Red Relief Image Map 18 3.1.3 斷層地形與斷層跡 20 3.1.4 斷層地形指示斷層累積錯移量 21 3.1.5 累積錯移量分析同震錯移量 25 3.1.6 地表變形數據對地震規模經驗公式 26 3.2 震度比較方法 27 3.2.1 地震災害資料與震度分級 27 3.2.2 震度與規模關係 28 第四章、 研究結果 31 4.1 斷層地形判識 31 4.1.1 研究區域斷層地形 31 4.1.2 斷層跡形貌與可能破裂終點 37 4.1.3 錯移量測量 39 4.1.4 古地震之平均同震錯移量 41 4.2 地震震度紀錄 43 4.2.1 標貝鎮環境震度露頭 43 4.2.2 1839阿瓦地震文獻 49 4.2.3 1839阿瓦地震震度地圖 54 4.2.4 1912 Maymyo地震震度分布圖 54 第五章、 討論 57 5.1 斷層地表錯移討論 57 5.1.1 阿瓦地震破裂長度 57 5.1.2 密鐵拉段特徵滑動特性分析 57 5.1.3 實皆斷層破壞帶成因探討 60 5.1.4 透過經驗公式計算規模 65 5.1.5 經驗公式誤差討論 66 5.2 震度比較 67 5.2.1 1839地震與1912地震震度比較結果 67 5.2.2 1839阿瓦地震與其他地震震度比較 69 5.2.3 文獻震度判斷 73 5.2.4 ESI液化指標誤差 74 5.2.5 ESI與MMI的對應誤差 77 5.2.6 震度誤差值綜合討論 81 5.3 地震矩計算與破裂長度分析 84 5.3.1 地震矩計算 84 5.3.2 斷層錯移量 85 5.3.3 斷層破裂寬度 87 5.3.4 斷層破裂長度與錯移量分布 88 5.3.5 地震矩規模 88 5.3.6 斷層破裂終點可能性分析 91 5.3.7 1839阿瓦地震再現周期預估 95 第六章、 結論 103 參考資料 104 | - |
dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
dc.title | 由地表破裂與震度紀錄重建1839緬甸阿瓦地震之規模 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Re-estimating the magnitude of 1839 Ava earthquake through geomorphic mapping and macroseismic records, central Myanmar | en |
dc.type | Thesis | - |
dc.date.schoolyear | 110-2 | - |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 波玫琳 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Wen-Jeng Owen Huang;J Bruce H Shyu;Bor-Shouh Huang;Maryline Le Béon | en |
dc.subject.keyword | 活動斷層,地震地質,古地震,實皆斷層,緬甸, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Active Faults,Earthquake Geology,Paleoseismology,Sagaing Fault,Myanmar, | en |
dc.relation.page | 111 | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202203906 | - |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
dc.date.accepted | 2022-09-29 | - |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | - |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 地質科學系 | - |
顯示於系所單位: | 地質科學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-110-2.pdf | 18.31 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。