社會情境在互動心智中如何影響角色印象之個體間相似性

Abstract

人類是社會性的動物，我們的世界觀不僅受到內在態度的影響，也會經由外在社會環境所塑造。本論文旨在探討社會環境與既存態度如何交互影響，共同形塑個體對於世界的認知與詮釋。研究者將社會環境分為互動對象和社會情境兩個因素，並設計一系列實驗來操弄參與者的觀影經驗，隨後評估對於影片角色的主觀感受，並以此來探討個體態度與社會環境立場間的一致性如何影響影片角色的觀感。在研究一中，參與者獨自觀看一部具有特定立場的電影。結果顯示當個體的態度與社會情境一致時，他們對角色的印象會與其他相同態度者更相似，暗示了個體會搜尋情境中符合自我立場的資訊。在研究二中，參與者會跟態度與自我相同或不同的個體一同觀影。結果發現個體態度和互動對象的態度的存在交互作用，顯示互動他人的態度將會影響個體對於影片中角色的主觀感受。研究三中更進一步檢驗個體對於互動對象態度的信念之影響。結果顯示當個體的態度與社會情境一致時，更傾向受到互動對象的被告知的態度影響。反之，當態度與情境不一致時，則更傾向受到互動對象的真實態度影響。這些結果說明，態度與社會情境不一致的個體，更敏於覺察周圍的所傳遞的社會訊號。總上所述，本研究結果突顯了人類的社會性本質，探討了人們如何從社會情境與互動對象中尋求資訊，進一步形塑對其所處世界之認知概念形成與詮釋。此外，本論文提供了對於互動心智中，個體的態度、社會情境、及互動對象之間的複雜動態關係更深入的理解。

Humans are inherently social beings, and our perspectives of the world are shaped not only by our internal attitudes but also by our external social surroundings. This dissertation explored the impact of social context and interactive others on individuals’ impressions of movie characters across three studies. Study 1 examined the influence of social context by having participants watch a movie alone. Our results revealed that individuals’ impressions aligned more closely with others who shared the same attitude when their attitudes closely matched the social context, emphasizing the importance of contextual information. Study 2 examined the combined effects of social context and interactive others by pairing participants with individuals who either shared or differed in their attitudes. The findings revealed an interaction effect between attitude and pairing condition, illustrating the impact of interactive others on their impressions. In Study 3, the influence of interactive others’ actual or informed attitudes was examined, indicating that individuals whose attitudes aligned with the social context were more influenced by their partners’ informed attitudes, while those with differing attitudes were more influenced by their partners’ actual attitudes. This suggests that individuals aware of the attitude-context mismatch are more responsive to social signals. Overall, these findings underscore the social nature of human beings in shaping their worldview based on their social surroundings. Moreover, our findings also provide a deeper understanding of complex dynamics between attitudes, social context, and interactive others.