國道事故班動態派遣模式與駐點布署

Abstract

當高速公路發生事件時，若未及時對事件進行應變可能會導致主線上車流發生延滯。其中依據事件持續時間的定義可將一起事件從發生到被排除區分成多個時段，包含偵測時間、指派時間、旅行時間及處理時間。如何縮短各區段的時間進而提高整體應變效率，改善事件所造成高速公路上的延滯狀況，對於管理機關非常重要。目前國內實務上對於事件的應變方式是由交通控制中心內的調度員指派路網內的事故班對事件進行應變、處理，各事故班有相對應的駐點及守備範圍。本研究建立了一以多場站車輛途程問題為基礎的動態派遣模型，考量了實時資訊，目標為最小化整體事件的應變成本，並將單一事件的應變成本納入目標式，使模型能做出更穩健且全面的決策。本研究以中華民國交通部高速公路局北區養護工程分局之轄區路網為案例；並透過事故班的派遣紀錄來還原當時事件應變的狀流程，並以應變模型所得出之結果與原先調度決策進行比較及分析。此外針對實務上事故班的配置，本研究也提出了重新布署的策略以提升整體事件應變效率，將中壢事故班中的一個班隊改布署至國道2號沿線的大竹，以改善事故班前往國道1號高架北上路段旅行成本過高的問題。案例分析之結果顯示本研究所提出之動態事件應變模型可對事件的應變程度產生相當程度的改善，尤其在高旅行成本事件數量較多的案例中，其事件應變時間改善效益可達18%。此外，本研究也考量了不同指派策略下的指派結果，可透過改變相關參數的權重來對指派策略進行調整。本研究之事件應變模型及重新布署事故班的策略可協助高速公路交控中心於事故班布署及實際之派遣上做出更有效率的派遣決策。

When incidents occur on freeways, failure to respond promptly to the incidents may result in congestion on the main lanes. The duration of an incident can be divided into several periods according to the literature, including detection time, assignment time, travel time, and processing time. Management authorities must shorten each period to improve emergency response efficiency and alleviate freeway congestion. In practice, incidents are managed by dispatching Emergency Response Teams (ERTs) from the Traffic Control Center to the incidents. Each ERT has its designated base and coverage area. In this study, we develop a dynamic dispatch model based on the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP), considering real-time information. The objective is to minimize the overall cost of incident response, also factoring in the cost of responding to each individual incident. This enables the model to determine more robust and comprehensive decisions. We use the road network under the jurisdiction of the Northern Region Maintenance Engineering Division, Taiwan National Freeway Bureau, for the case study. By examining the past dispatch records of the ERTs, we reconstructed the status of the incidents during the response process over the study period and compared the results obtained from the proposed model with the actual dispatch decisions. Additionally, to address the deficiencies in practical ERT configuration, we proposed a strategy that redeploys ERTs to enhance the overall incident response efficiency. Specifically, we relocated one of the Zhongli ERTs to Dazhu along Freeway No. 2 to mitigate the travel costs involved in the responses to the incidents occurring on the northbound section of Elevated Freeway No. 1. The results of the case analysis demonstrate that the dynamic incident response model proposed in this study can significantly improve the level of incident response, particularly in scenarios where multiple incidents with high travel costs occur concurrently, leading to an improvement in incident response time of up to 18%. Furthermore, we consider different assignment strategies and provide the flexibility to adjust dispatch decisions by changing the weights of relevant parameters. The incident response model and the ERT redeployment strategy proposed in this study can assist freeway traffic control centers in making more efficient dispatch decisions for actual incident response.