休閒活動、衰弱與社區長者生活品質之相關性探討

Abstract

目前臺灣人口老化速度快，可預期失能人口數目或大幅增長。隨著年齡的增長，人們對生命健康與自身生活品質方面也越來越關注。休閒活動作為其中一種維護長者身心健康、豐富其精神生活的方式，逐漸受到重視。本研究之研究目的在於探討長者休閒活動參與、多面向衰弱(包含生理衰弱、認知衰弱與社會衰弱)及生活品質三者之間的關係。 本研究採橫斷性問卷調查法，以一對一面訪針對現居臺灣一般社區之65歲以上高齡者為研究對象進行問卷資料蒐集。本研究共收案278位一般社區居住的長者，排除無效問卷後，有效回收266份問卷，有效問卷回收率為95.7%。資料分析採用SPSS與AMOS統計軟體進行分析，包含敘述性資料分析、雙變量分析與結構方程模式等。 研究結果發現，長者的休閒活動參與與生理衰弱具負向相關性，休閒活動參與對社會衰弱具有顯著負向影響，生理衰弱與社會衰弱對生活品質具顯著負向影響，而休閒活動參與對認知衰弱，以及認知衰弱對生活品質皆未達顯著影響。因此，休閒活動的選擇與參與會影響到生理衰弱、社會衰弱的程度，生理衰弱的程度也會影響長者對休閒活動的選擇，而長者生理衰弱與社會衰弱會進而影響長者的生活品質。 本研究結果可為長者提供關於休閒活動參與方面的建議，從而減少衰弱的情形，並提升其生活品質，同時可以作為政策的參考，以達到延緩衰弱、失能，預防保健的效果。長者從事之休閒活動會對衰弱產生負面影響，提升休閒參與的頻率、鼓勵其參與休閒活動，有助於減緩長者生理及社會衰弱的進程。且生理衰弱及社會衰弱與生活品質息息相關，因此研究建議一般社區長者多多參與社區活動中心舉辦的活動，多與人交流、在身體條件允許之情況下，適當做些身體活動，來延緩衰老、預防失能，進而及早發現、介入預防，以此減輕社會資源壓力與減少家庭負擔。

The aging rate of the population in Taiwan is currently rapid, and it is foreseeable that the number of disabled individuals will significantly increase. As age advances, people are becoming more and more concerned about their overall health, well-being, and quality of life. Leisure activities, as one way to maintain the physical and mental health of the elderly and enrich their spiritual lives, are gradually gaining attention. This study aims to explore the relationship between elderly participation in leisure activities, multifaceted frailty (including physical frailty, cognitive frailty, and social frailty), and quality of life. This study employed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey method, conducting one-on-one, face-to-face interviews to collect the data from elders aged 65 and above residing in general communities in Taiwan. A total of 278 elderly participants from the general community were enrolled in this study. After excluding invalid questionnaires, 266 valid questionnaires were collected, resulting in an effective response rate of 95.7%. Data used the SPSS and AMOS statistical software to analysis, including descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that elderly participation in leisure activities had a negative correlation with physical frailty, and it significantly negatively affected social frailty. Both physical frailty and social frailty had significant negative effects on quality of life. However, the elderly participation in leisure activities did not show significant effects on cognitive frailty, and cognitive frailty did not significantly affect quality of life. Therefore, the selection and participation in leisure activities can influence the extent of physical and social frailty, and the degree of physical frailty can affect the elderly's selection and participation in leisure activities. Finally, the physical and social frailty of the elderly can subsequently impact their quality of life. This study findings can provide recommendations for elders regarding participation in leisure activities to reduce and delay frailty and enhance their quality of life. Additionally, these findings can serve as a reference for policy development to achieve the effects of delaying frailty, disability, and preventive healthcare. The study suggests encouraging elders in general communities to actively engage in activities organized by community centers. This presents an opportunity for increased social interaction and, when physically feasible, selecting suitable leisure activities to slow down the aging process, prevent disability, and improve their quality of life. This approach supports early detection, intervention, and prevention, ultimately alleviating the strain on social resources and reducing the burden on families.