課堂中與中堂休息的通風策略對於補習班CO2、PM2.5和空氣傳染疾病風險的影響

Abstract

在過去的十年之內，國內註冊的補習班數量急遽增加，現行新興的補習班教室空間相對較小，再加上補習文化的盛行，學生和老師長時間待在補習班內。 國內補習班大部分還是使用黑板和粉筆做為教學工具，再加上補習班內部終日緊閉門窗會開著冷氣，卻也大幅了降低通風率，造成環境內部的室內空氣品質不佳，尤其以二氧化碳和PM2.5的濃度居高不下。 在研究中使用GEE分析場域內二氧化碳和PM2.5濃度與教室使用狀況的相關性，結果顯示：上課期間的二氧化碳濃度與人數的增加、窗戶的關閉、門的關閉呈現高度相關性；PM2.5濃度與人數、門的開關未有顯著相關，與粉筆的使用種類、窗戶的開關呈現高度相關，空調開啟的部分在不同教室尺寸中產生差異。下課行為對於二氧化碳濃度的下降與門的開啟、門的常開、人員的離開有顯著的相關；PM2.5在下課過程中其濃度的變化和門是否常開與二氧化碳的結果截然不同：統計結果表示，PM2.5在隨著人員進出的同時不斷開關的行為對於濃度的下降有著高度的相關，與人員是否離開並沒有顯著的相關性，窗戶的開啟以及是否開啟空調與濃度下降的相關性在不同教室間的表現不同。 在研究中以儀器獲取二氧化碳濃度的數值代入Wells-Riley的感染傳輸方程式，針對不同通風狀態與暴露時間，評估Influenza、Tuberculosis和SARS-CoV-2傳染的風險，結果顯示：隨著通風狀態變佳以及暴露的時間縮短，可以有效的降低疾病傳染的風險。

In the past decade, the number of registered cram schools in our country has rapidly increased. The emerging cram schools currently have relatively small classroom spaces, and combined with the prevalent culture of cramming, students and teachers spend long hours inside these cram schools. Most domestic cram schools still use blackboards and chalks as teaching tools. Additionally, the cram school environment is often sealed with air conditioning, which significantly reduces ventilation rates, resulting in poor indoor air quality. Particularly, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and PM2.5 remain high. Using GEE, the correlation between carbon dioxide and PM2.5 concentrations within the classroom and the usage conditions was examined. The results indicate that during class hours, carbon dioxide concentration is highly correlated with an increase number of people, closed windows, and closed doors. PM2.5 concentration does not show significant correlation with the number of people and door, but it exhibits a strong correlation with the type of chalk and window. The air conditioning varies among different classroom sizes. Breaktime behavior is significantly correlated with the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration, specifically with door opening, doors being left open, and people leaving the room. In contrast, the change in PM2.5 concentration during breaktime exhibits different results from carbon dioxide: statistical analysis suggests that the frequent opening and closing of doors while people enter and exit the room are highly correlated with the decrease in PM2.5 concentration, whereas there is no significant correlation with people leaving the room. The correlation between window, air conditioning usage, and concentration decrease varies across different classrooms. Using instruments, carbon dioxide concentration values were used in the Wells-Riley equation for infection transmission to assess the risk of Influenza, Tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission under different ventilation conditions and exposure times. The results indicate that improving ventilation conditions and reducing exposure time effectively lowers the risk of disease transmission.