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標題: | 學齡前期發展性協調障礙兒童的健康體適能與自覺動作能力 Health-Related Physical Fitness and Perceived Motor Competence in Preschool-Aged Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder |
作者: | 劉香吟 Hsiang-Yin Liu |
指導教授: | 吳晏慈 Yen-Tzu Wu |
關鍵字: | 發展性協調障礙,學齡前期,健康體適能,自覺動作能力, Developmental coordination disorder,Preschool age,Healthy-related physical fitness,Perceived motor competence, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 背景與目的:發展性協調障礙(Developmental coordination disorder;簡稱DCD)兒童的動作協調能力較一般同齡兒童差,不僅限制其在日常活動參與以及學校課業表現,也會影響其體能或心理狀況的發展。過去的研究發現DCD兒童在學齡期的健康體適能和自覺動作能力的表現比一般發展兒童較差,但對於這些兒童在更早的學齡前期表現的了解則非常有限。本篇研究的目的是要探討學齡前期DCD兒童與一般發展兒童在健康體適能和自覺動作能力表現上的異同,並進一步分析學齡前期兒童的動作協調能力、健康體適能和自覺動作能力之間的關係。方法:本研究使用幼兒發展協調問卷篩檢量表以及幼兒園老師與家長的反映初步篩檢出疑似有動作協調障礙的兒童,接著使用兒童動作評量測驗第二版確認兒童是否有動作協調障礙,共徵召了16位DCD兒童(年齡59.0±8.6個月,9位男孩),並且依性別與年紀配對徵召了16位的一般發展兒童。兒童的健康體適能評估包括身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎測試、立定跳遠、30秒與60秒仰臥起坐測試以及10公尺折返走測試。兒童的自覺動作能力則使用學前幼兒自我概念測驗中的自覺身體能力分項目進行評量。研究結果使用獨立樣本t檢定(independent t-test)來比較DCD兒童與一般發展兒童在健康體適能和自覺動作能力的差異,並以皮爾生相關係數(Pearson correlation coefficient)來分析學齡前期兒童的動作協調能力、健康體適能和自覺動作能力間的關係。結果:本研究結果發現學齡前期DCD兒童的健康體適能表現除了身體質量指數外都顯著較一般發展兒童差(所有p<0.05),自覺動作能力也較低(p<0.05)。相關性分析結果顯示一般發展兒童的平衡技巧和30秒/60秒仰臥起坐表現呈現顯著中等強度正相關(r=0.547-0.581, p<0.05),而DCD兒童則是丟接技巧和30秒/60秒仰臥起坐與立定跳遠呈現顯著中等強度正相關(r=0.491-0.548, p<0.05)。DCD與一般發展兒童的自覺動作能力則都與動作協調能力與健康體適能無顯著相關。結論:臨床人員在面對發展早期的DCD兒童時,除了動作協調能力,也應該注意兒童的健康體適能與自覺動作能力,以適時提供必要的全面介入計畫,方能避免DCD兒童進入負面健康的惡性循環。 Background and purpose: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are characterized with poor motor coordination that not only results in significant limitations in children’s daily activities, leisure participation and academic performance but also affects their physical and mental health. Previous studies have found that school-aged children with DCD are less physically fit and have lower perceived motor competence than typically developing (TD) peers. However, little is known about the health-related physical fitness and perceived motor competence in preschool-aged children with DCD. The purpose of study was to investigate the performance of health-related physical fitness and perceived motor competence in preschool-aged children with DCD compared to TD peers. In addition, the relationships among motor competence, health-related physical fitness, and perceived motor competence in preschool-aged children were also examined. Methods: All children werefirst screened for motor coordination problems using the Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-Chinese Version and then assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children- 2nd edition. A total of 16 preschool-aged children with DCD (59.0±8.6 months, 9 boys) and 16 age- and gender-matched TD children were enrolled into the study. Children’s health-related physical fitness was examined with body mass index, sit-and-reach test, long jump, 30s and 60s sit-up tests and 10-meter shuttle walking test. Children were assessed for perceived motor competence using the perceived motor competence subtest of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Independent t-test analyses were applied to examine the difference between DCD and TD children for their health-related physical fitness and perceived motor competence. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships among motor competence, health-related physical fitness, and perceived motor competence in preschool-aged children. Results: Our results showed that preschool-aged children with DCD, compared to TD peers, exhibited poorer health-related physical fitness, including flexibility, muscle power and endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness(all p<0.05). They also perceived themselves having lower motor competence(p<0.05). Significant positive and medium associations were found between balance skills and sit-up 30/60 seconds(r=0.547-0.581, p<0.05) among TD children while significant positive and medium associations were found between aiming and catching skills and sit-up 30/60 seconds and long jump(r=0.491-0.548, p<0.05) among DCD children. Conclusions: In addition to motor coordination skills, clinicians should recognize the possible impacts of DCD on health-related physical fitness and perceived competence of young children and provide early intervention when necessary to prevent vicious effects on children’s long-term health. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/90244 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202304139 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 物理治療學系所 |
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