公共工程部分先行使用爭議研究

Abstract

營造工地現場，常基於不同需求原因，導致需要開放部份工地或是部份完成營建物，提早開放使用，當然政府工程也不例外，或甚至說政府工程基於工程目的、 政策需要、 預算考量、 緊急使用等需求下，需要提早開放的比列也更高。 按照民法相關規定，有關於定作物的危險分配等，目前皆已佔有為要件，要乎能觀察占有態樣，即可曰應擔負該定作物危險負擔，但民國九十年行政院公共工程委員會修正發布採購法施行細節，該法第99條規定公共工程履約管理期間，如過要對定作物部分先行予以使用，有其參考範例條文，該條文約定如果有這個需求，需經過驗收程序完成始可使用，後得以進行後續保固業務、 違約金計算業務等。但就是因為機關驗收程序與現行承攬法制以占有為要件來作區分危險負擔並不一致，後轉而產生爆炸性衝突與極大爭議，讓具體實務工作者與第一線承辦人員不知所措，不知道如何適用規範進行工程履約管理。 本文希望基礎法學論理到實際牽涉法條盤整分析，整理法與實務有所扞格之處，就公共工程部分先行使用適用操作上，有不合理需要改進之處，希望就司法實務上有觀相關判決予以研析，刻劃出法院對該類同類型背景事實案件，能刻劃出具體判決脈絡，藉以讓實務工作者，可以預測明確知道如何就法規規範下工作準則，進而避免或是減少爭議。

Government projects are no exception to this rule, and the percentage of government projects that need to be opened early is even higher due to the purpose of the project, policy needs, budgetary considerations, and emergency use. According to the relevant provisions of civil law, the allocation of hazards related to fixed crops, etc., has been considered an element. However, the 2001 Enforcement Rules of the GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT ACT, implementation details Article 99, stipulates that during the management contract of public works, if a part of the project is to be opened for use, Article 99 must be referred to. It is necessary to conduct engineering acceptance before proceeding with subsequent warranty and liquidated damages businesses. However, the inconsistency of civil law in the acceptance procedure has created a huge conflict and has caused many controversies, leaving the staff confused and unsure of how to proceed with their work. This article hopes to reconcile the basic law with the actual law, identify and address the differences, and improve the applicability of the operational aspects in the initial use of public works. There are unreasonable aspects that need improvement, and it is hoped that the court's decision will provide clarity for the staff, enabling them to work within the legal framework and reduce disputes.