以社會影響評估分析達魯瑪克的民族植物產業發展計畫 (2017-2021)

Abstract

過去林務機關跟原住民間，由於歷史的糾結，關係一直不佳。2016年，新任局長就任後，相關政策大幅改變。本研究以達魯瑪克民族植物計畫為例，採質性研究的方法，如參與觀察與訪談等，藉社會影響評估 (Social Impact Assessment, SIA)，從公共建設與服務、生計與經濟、社會關係、文化等項目，探討其培力在地原住民的成效。 結果顯示，該計畫整備了部落的遊程體驗基地Kalralrae與野生採集基地Bolingawngaw；鋪陳了部落生態旅遊產業基礎、增加就業機會、增加非正式經濟活動、但分配不均；計畫增加人群間矛盾；記錄部落於林班地生活之技藝、提供青壯年學習傳統編織技藝的機會。可惜沒有評估民族植物計畫的財務機制或其永續性。本研究建議計畫應降低門檻，讓有興趣的居民皆有機會參與，除可增加市場競爭力，也能增進社區和諧；產銷組織是計畫另一個缺點，宜即早布局培力；參與及溝通也需要增進。

It was poor for the relationships between the indigenous people and the forestry agency for historical factors in the past. The policy has dramatically shifted since there was a new Director-General of the Forestry Bureau in 2016. This study used the ethnoplant project of Taromak initiated after then as a case study, to explore its effects on local empowerment from items of public infrastructure and services, livelihoods and economy, social relations and cultural, by social impact assessment. The results showed that this project assisted installing the base Kalralrae for tourism and the base Bolingawngaw for wild collecting; setting up the base for community-based ecotourism, increasing job opportunities, promoting informal economic activities, recording technology and skills to live in the forests, and providing chances for the locals to learn traditional weaving skills. It was argued that the benefit distribution of this project was not satisfied by the locals in the community and its implementation raised contradiction among the locals. The assessment did not include the financial mechanism and sustainability of the project. This study suggested that it shall be opener for more residents to participate in order to increase competence in the market and promote consensus in the community Trade organization might be one of the other weaknesses which could be arranged earlier.. Finally, it needed be improved for participation and communications.