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標題: | 植物醫學五十診治案例及樹木褐根病藥物注射防治之研究 Fifty diagnosis and treatment cases in plant medicine and research on tree injection control of brown root rot disease |
作者: | 廖貫博 Kuan-Po Liao |
指導教授: | 陳穎練 Ying-Lien Chen |
關鍵字: | 植物醫學,診治案例,褐根病,褐根病菌,樹木注射, plant medicine,diagnosis and treatment cases,brown root rot disease,Phellinus noxius,tree injection, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究分為兩大部分,第一部分是植物醫學五十診治案例報告,第二部分則是樹木褐根病藥物注射防治之研究。
第一部分的植物醫學五十診治案例報告應用植物醫學研究室最新開發的水瓊脂平台法測試藥劑對無法人工培養的植物病原性真菌的抑制效果。除了病害,也對植物害蟲進行診治案例。另有雜草防除的案例及植物營養缺乏症緩解的案例。此一部分也包括專業樹醫進行的特殊樹木治療案例,則觀察到了樹木注射藥劑防治褐根病及天牛的實效。 第二部分先進行的是褐根病菌的殺菌藥劑篩選,以含藥培養基法及PD3A平台法測試不同濃度的藥劑效果。以供試菌株mn1測試含藥培養基法的結果顯示菲克利、普克利及得克利在2 ppm有100%的菌絲生長抑制率,進一步使用7株不同來源的褐根病菌株以含藥培養基法測試更低濃度的待克利、菲克利、普克利及得克利,結果顯示四種藥劑中得克利有最低濃度在0.64 ppm對7株菌株有100%的菌絲生長抑制率。結果顯示相同藥劑在PD3A平台法所需的100%抑制率皆高於含藥培養基法。以PD3A平台法試驗,結果顯示四種藥劑中得克利有最低濃度2.56 ppm,能對7株供試菌株皆有100%抑制率。 利用榕樹幼年枝條傷口反應法的藥害反應得知,相同濃度下對植物產生藥害反應的程度由輕微到嚴重依序為:待克利 < 得克利 < 菲克利 < 普克利。而由高壓榕樹枝條的藥害反應得知,待克利0.5%及1%、得克利0.5%的葉片存活率為100%,得克利1%的葉片存活率為67%次之,其次是菲克利0.5%及1%、普克利0.5%的葉片存活率為33%,故相同濃度下對植物產生藥害反應的程度由輕微到嚴重依序為:待克利 < 得克利 < 菲克利 < 普克利。結合先前試驗可知得克利在四種藥劑中有最低的100%抑菌濃度,而藥害試驗中藥害輕微程度以待克利在不同濃度皆為最輕,而得克利藥害試驗的輕微程度次之,故進一步以不同濃度之得克利對榕樹苗進行注射試驗以觀察藥害反應。發現1%注射後,其樹冠缺失率初期約為7%,但2個月後會恢復。以2%的得克利注射則初期樹冠缺失率達50%左右,但2個月後缺失率約為30%。 盆栽榕樹苗先接種培養mn1菌株的小麥燕麥培養基,再於一週後注入得克利1%的結果,發現治療處理組在注射後第1週及第9週以PN2選擇性培養基於各點位皆未分離出褐根病菌,說明麥粒中的病菌已受到藥劑之抑制,亦說明注射藥劑對病菌有其治療之效果。在先注射藥劑,一週後再接種麥粒菌種的預防性注射試驗中,亦發現於第2週及第8週後皆未分離出褐根病菌,說明麥粒中之病菌已受到殺菌劑之抑制,藥劑對病菌具有預防侵染之藥效。大樹注射防治試驗包括治療及預防,地點為台灣大學操場及排球場,台中市進化路社會住宅基地及高雄美濃雙溪樹木園。預防及注射的方法皆屬BR5之藥劑注射,於2022至2023之實作,而所觀察的13棵大樹注射後不論是治療及預防,皆有良好的效果。 殺菌劑在榕樹苗的藥物動力學注射實驗結果發現待克利、菲克利、普克利及得克利皆具有向下移行性。以盆栽榕樹苗對離地10公分處之注射,發現於其基部可於第1、3及9週後檢測到得克利皆大於2.56 ppm。由大樹的注射實驗也發現待克利、菲克利、普克利及得克利皆具有向下移行性。榕樹及垂葉榕的莖部注射30天後,莖部注射點下方10及30公分,可檢測出具抑菌之濃度。在水平根系的注射方面,發現榕樹及垂葉榕的根部注射藥劑後,只在10公分有抑菌之濃度。第二部分的實驗結果證明樹木藥劑注射的治療及預防效果,可供為未來樹木褐根病的優越防治方法,亦可作為提供未來研究的良好數據。 This study consists of two main parts. The first part is the 50 case reports each with diagnosis and treatment in plant medicine, while the second part focuses on the research of tree injection control of brown root rot disease. The first part of fifty diagnosis and treatment cases has adopted the newly developed water agar platform method by the Plant Medicine Laboratory, NTU, to test the inhibitory efficacy of fungicides on many obligatory plant pathogenic fungi. In addition to disease cases, it also includes many cases associated with diagnosis and treatment of plant insect pests. There are also cases associated with weed control and the mitigation of plant nutrient deficiencies. Notably, it also includes some special tree therapy cases demonstrated by professional tree doctor to show the efficacy of tree injection method for targeting the brown root disease and bark beetles. The second part of the study is started with fungicide screening for inhibiting the brown root rot pathogen. Different concentrations of fungicides were tested using the poison-food culture method and the PD3A platform method. The results of the poison-food culture method, with the tested strain mn1, show that hexaconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole, all at 2 ppm level, can achieve a 100% inhibition rate of mycelial growth. Further testing was conducted on seven different strains of brown root rot pathogen by difenoconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole. The results revealed that tebuconazole had the lowest inhibition concentration of 0.64 ppm, achieving a 100% inhibition rate of mycelial growth against all seven strains. The result obtained from PD3A, showed that all four fungicides need a higher concentration to achieve a 100% inhibition rate. Based on results of the PD3A platform method, tebuconazole had shown the lowest concentration of 2.56 ppm, to achieve 100% inhibition rate for all 7 strains of the pathogen. Results of wound phytotoxicity response on young small-leaf banyan twig showed that phytotoxic severity of these four fungicides basing on response index at the same concentration is following the order: difenoconazole < tebuconazole < hexaconazole < propiconazole. The phytotoxicity response, the leaf survival rates were 100% for 0.5% and 1% difenoconazole and 0.5% tebuconazole. The leaf survival rate for 1% tebuconazole was 67%, followed by 33% for 0.5% and 1% hexaconazole and 0.5% propiconazole. Therefore, the phytotoxic severity on plants is the following order: difenoconazole < tebuconazole < hexaconazole < propiconazole. Based on the above experiments, tebuconazole has exhibited the lowest inhibiting concentration among the four fungicides. In the phytotoxicity tests, difenoconazole showed the mildest phytotoxic effects, while tebuconazole exhibited a mild level of phytotoxicity. Therefore, further injection tests were conducted on small-leaf banyan seedlings using different concentrations of tebuconazole to observe the phytotoxic response. It was found that after injected with 1% tebuconazole, the initial crown loss rate was approximately 7%. However, after two months, the crown can recover. When injected 2% tebuconazole, the initial crown loss rate is around 50%, but after two months, the loss rate decreased to approximately 30%. The potted small-leaf banyan tree seedlings were first inoculated with the wheat-oat medium containing strain mn1 and then injected with 1% tebuconazole a week later. The therapeutic test was found that the brown root rot pathogen cannot be detected with PN2 selective medium at each point around the inoculated point after the 1 week or 9 weeks. It indicates that the pathogen in the wheat-oat medium has been inhibited by the fungicide, and it also shows that the fungicide injection has a therapeutic effect on the pathogen. In the preventive test with injecting the medicine first and then inoculating the pathogen 1 week later, it also showed that no brown root rot pathogen can be detected after 2 weeks or 8 weeks, indicating that the pathogens in the wheat grains have been inhibited by the fungicide, and the medicine has the power to of prevent the infestation of pathogen. The therapeutic and preventive tree injection experiments were also done on big trees at various locations, including the National Taiwan University campus (sport field and volleyball court), the social housing site on Jinhua Road in Taichung City, and the Mino Shubi Tree Park in Kaohsiung. They were all conducted with BR5 injection technique during the period from 2022 to 2023. The results showed that both preventive and therapeutic injections of 13 trees have excellent results. The fungicide translocation experiments of four fungicide on small-leaf banyan seedling revealed that all difenoconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole can have a downward translocation. The potted small-leaf banyan seedlings were injected with fungicide at 10 cm above the ground level. After 1, 3 and 9 weeks, tebuconazole can be detected at the base part of seedling with over 2.56 ppm. Similar results can be observed on big tree of small-leaf banyan and weeping fig tree. It was found that all the difenoconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, and tebuconazole can have a downward translocation. After 30 days of tree injection on banyan trees and weeping fig trees, inhibitory concentrations were detected at 10 cm and 30 cm below the injection point. For the horizontal root injection, we found that inhibitory concentration of four fungicide can be detected within 10 cm areas of roots. The experimental results in the second part have proved the therapeutic and preventive effects of tree injection, which can be used as good controlling method for the brown root disease in the future, and can also supply good information for future. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89908 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202303806 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物醫學碩士學位學程 |
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