政治極化與台灣政治：媒體傳播對政治極化的影響

Abstract

近年來，政治極化備受學界重視，其中又以對於特定政黨的厭惡而形成的情感極化最常被提及。作為民眾獲取政治資訊的主要管道，媒體是否會因為本身的政黨立場，繼而傳遞特定意識形態的資訊以形塑民眾的政治態度？本研究運用TIGCR 2018年至2021年的資料，試圖探討台灣民眾的媒體使用行為，包含媒體政黨偏差、信任程度等因素，是否會影響其發生情感極化的可能性。本研究也關注異質資訊所扮演的角色，探討被動或主動處於異質資訊是否能夠減緩情感極化的發生，進而實踐審議式民主的理想。應用OLS模型進行估計，本研究發現政黨認同與媒體政黨偏差間存在顯著的交互作用，泛綠且喜歡收看偏綠新聞台者，更容易發生情感極化。此外，本研究也發現被動接觸異質資訊具有減緩情感極化的作用，至於主動接觸異質資訊則會因著背後動機的不同，效果較不明顯。另一方面，在Pooled OLS模型下，也能看見台灣的政治極化隨著時間發展，有越趨嚴重的現象。總上，本研究結合政治極化與政治傳播兩大領域，並為其作出學術上的補充。

The concept of affective polarization has been widely discussed as the topic of polit- ical polarization draws more and more attention from political scientists in recent years. Being the most common way for people to acquire political information, does the media shapes people’s political attitude by delivering information with specific ideology? Using data from the TIGCR from 2018 to 2021, this study attempts to examine whether Tai- wanese people’s behavior of media use, including factors such as media bias and media trust, would affect their likelihood of affective polarization. This study also focuses on the role of heterogeneous information, and examines whether passive or active exposure can mitigate affective polarization, thus fulfilling the ideal of deliberative democracy. Results from Ordinary Least Square (OLS) shows a significant effect from the interaction between people’s partisanship and media bias, particularly the supporters of pro-Democratic Pro- gressive Party (DPP) who watch the TV news that support DPP. In addition, the study discovers that passive heterogenous information can reduce affective polarization, while active heterogenous information doesn’t show a significant effect due to people’s different motivation. On the other hand, by utilizing Pooled OLS, the study also observed political polarization in Taiwan has becoming more severe as time goes by. To sum up, the study contributes the research of comparative politics by bridging the discipline of political po- larization and political communication.