夜間景觀人工照明對生心理之影響

Abstract

人工照明在景觀設計與照明規劃被視為休閒景觀的一部分，形塑著景觀照明氛圍的重要性，對於照明品質的要求逐漸從「量」發展為對「質」的需求 ，照明用途不再只是為了滿足生活方面的需求，更是延伸應用至情境和景觀照明上，因此人工照明對觀賞者之生心理效益亦為戶外遊憩空間設計之重要課題。 本次研究主要目的在於透過美化夜間景觀步道的特質，提升觀賞者的幸福感，並進行夜間景觀步道照明規劃設計。具體而言，本研究將探討以下次目標:首先為探討不同夜間景觀步道空間中燈具變項對於觀賞者之生心理效益的影響是否存在差異；其次為探討在夜間景觀步道空間中，觀賞者在何種燈具變項組合下，最能提升生心理效益；最後為探討在相同燈具條件情況下，不同鋪面材質是否會影響觀賞者生心理的感受。 本研究透過文獻資料蒐集，包含戶外空間照明相關法規以及人造光對生心理影響等兩大面向，以此彙整相關評估因子，並以科學循證的方式驗證夜間景觀空間的燈光設計良好與否將影響使用者的生心理效益。燈具之變項分別為燈具色溫以及配光曲線(光束角)之組合，並加入了鋪面一變項；並以景觀偏好、情緒體驗之心理問卷，再結合生理回饋裝置以測量心跳速率，以建構客觀之戶外遊憩空間燈光設計參考依據。 本研究結果指出路燈之光束角為重要的影響因子之一，隨著光束角的變小，人們對於景觀偏好以及情緒體驗-愉悅程度亦會減少，而心率變化則顯著漸快；色溫亦會影響人們之生心理效益，隨著色溫變高，情緒體驗之喚起、愉悅程度以及景觀偏好亦會隨之增加；而鋪面變化則是對於人們生理影響較不明顯之變項，且在心理感受中亦未有特別突出之結果。 本研究貢獻在於了解夜間景觀步道空間之不同燈具變項是否會影響觀賞者之健康。研究結果可廣泛且實務用於未來公共照明選用的參考，為夜間景觀步道照明規劃設計提供實質的景觀燈具依據與建議，以達良好的健康景觀效益。並進一步豐富人工照明在夜間景觀步道設計領域的應用。

Artificial lighting is considered an integral part of landscape design and lighting planning, shaping the importance of landscape lighting atmosphere. The demand for lighting quality has gradually shifted from "quantity" to "quality." Lighting is no longer solely for meeting practical needs but has extended its application to contextual and landscape illumination. Therefore, the psychological benefits of artificial lighting on viewers are also important considerations in outdoor recreational space design. The main objective of this study is to "beautify landscape characteristics, enhance viewers' sense of well-being, and design and create nighttime landscape lighting plans." The specific objectives are as follows:1. Investigate whether different parameters of lighting fixtures in different nighttime 2. landscape spaces have an impact on viewers' psychological well-being.3. Explore which combinations of lighting fixture parameters in nighttime landscape spaces can best enhance psychological well-being of viewers. Examine whether different pavement materials under the same lighting fixture conditions affect viewers' psychological perception.This study collects literature data from two major aspects, including "outdoor recreational space lighting regulations" and "the impact of artificial light on psychological well-being." Relevant evaluation factors are synthesized and scientifically validated to determine whether the lighting design of nighttime landscape spaces affects users' psychological well-being. The variables of lighting fixtures include the combination of color temperature and light distribution curve (beam angle), along with the addition of a pavement variable. Landscape preference and emotional experience are assessed through psychological questionnaires, and physiological feedback devices, such as heart rate measurement, are incorporated to establish an objective reference for outdoor recreational space lighting design. The research findings indicate that the beam angle of streetlights is one of the important influencing factors. As the beam angle decreases, people's landscape preference and emotional experience (pleasantness) also decrease, while heart rate significantly increases. Color temperature also affects people's psychological well-being, with higher color temperatures leading to increased emotional arousal, pleasantness, and landscape preference. Pavement variations have less noticeable physiological effects on individuals, and there were no particularly prominent results in psychological perceptions. The contribution of this study lies in understanding whether different parameters of lighting fixtures in nighttime landscapes affect viewers' health. The research results can be widely and practically applied as references for future selection of public lighting, providing a basis for landscape lighting design to achieve good health benefits.