考量鐵路車輛子系統劣化特性之車輛指派與檢修排程模式

Abstract

鐵路車輛在整體鐵路系統的營運方面扮演著關鍵的角色。一個組織良好的車輛指派和維修計畫可以顯著提高鐵路營運的可靠度、可用度和安全性，從而提高旅客滿意度並降低整體運營成本。在鐵路營運規劃實務中，規劃者會依照已安排之時刻表做車輛調配及檢修排程，以滿足營運及檢修規章需求。在傳統的車輛指派策略中，維修計畫通常基於固定時間間隔或里程進行制定，這可能會導致不必要的檢修或意外故障。基於劣化模式而提出預測性檢修策略，是較有彈性且富有效益之作法，在鐵路車輛領域中，部分鐵路公司已開始嘗試採用預測性檢修策略，然而當前之作法僅考量全車一體適用之劣化特性，檢修排程時則無法納入各子系統有不同的劣化特性之事實。本研究提出了一混合整數規劃模型及一提升求解效率的啟發式演算法，考量鐵路車輛中各子系統（如：如牽引動力系統、轉向架及軔機系統等重要子系統）之檢修排程，以最小化子系統檢修成本、車輛失效所造成的營運損失成本為目標，實現更高效且穩健的車輛調配計畫。由實務案例分析可得知，總成本可以有效的下降12.8%，此成果可支援營運者在兼顧車輛可靠度與檢修成本的情況下，研擬合乎車輛子系統特性之車輛調配與檢修排程計畫。

A well-organized rolling stock assignment and maintenance plan are critical for the reliability, availability, and safety of railway operations. Traditional rolling stock assignments are often based on fixed time intervals or mileage, resulting in unnecessary maintenance or unexpected failures. Predictive maintenance considers the future performance of rolling stock, but current strategies for railway rolling stock only consider the same degradation characteristics for the entire train. This research proposes a comprehensive rolling stock assignment and maintenance plan that considers subsystem maintenance schedules including traction motor, brake control unit and pantograph, minimizing maintenance costs and operational losses due to failure. The performance of subsystems directly affects the effectiveness of the entire system, highlighting their importance in effective maintenance planning. Results from the case study demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully reduce failure cost by 12.8% by adopting a predictive maintenance strategy on a subsystem in a rolling stock assignment. Planners can use the proposed method to determine rolling stock assignments and maintenance plans that effectively balance reliability and costs, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of the rolling stock.