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Title: | 經濟性蟹類地理親緣關係與休閒漁業資源復育策略 Phylogeographic Relationships of Economical Crab and Resource Restoration Strategies for Recreational Fisheries |
Authors: | 呂友銘 Yu-Ming Lu |
Advisor: | 韓玉山 Yu-San Han |
Keyword: | 休閒漁業,紅星梭子蟹,遠海梭子蟹,族群結構,地理親緣, Recreational fishing,Portunus sanguinolentus,Portunus pelagicus,Population structure,Phylogeography, |
Publication Year : | 2023 |
Degree: | 博士 |
Abstract: | 近年世界各國海洋休閒漁業產業大量興起,在許多國家例如中國大陸、澳洲、冰島、紐西蘭、日本、歐盟、俄羅斯及印尼等國家列入國家發展戰略中,然而隨著產業蓬勃發展對海洋魚、蝦、蟹類資源需求使用激增導致資源匱乏,各國政府不得不採用創造經濟利益市場財貨的生物放流以補充休閒漁業產業的迫切需求,對生態系統的造成很大程度上尚未得到研究。本研究選擇在東亞地區各國休閒漁業產業中被經常使用的兩種經濟性蟹類紅星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)及遠海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus) ,旨在探討休閒漁業產業中兩種物種的族群資源管理,並確定了該物種在東亞地區的族群遺傳結構、系統發育地理學和族群歷史動態。本文的前言部分介紹了研究的背景和動機,指出了經濟性蟹類的重要性以及其面臨的保育和管理挑戰。本研究的目的是為了提供休閒漁業產業中遠海梭子蟹和紅星梭子蟹的族群資源管理策略,以及為經濟性蟹類的保育和漁業資源管理提供科學依據。
本研究樣本來源包括來自東亞地區的遠海梭子蟹和紅星梭子蟹,分析方法包括分子生物學技術。透過分析樣本的遺傳標誌和地理位置資訊,本研究確定了遠海梭子蟹和紅星梭子蟹在東亞地區的族群遺傳結構和系統發育地理學,並探討了族群歷史動態。 在研究結果本研究介紹了紅星梭子蟹和遠海梭子蟹的地理親緣關係和族群遺傳結構。研究發現,紅星梭子蟹研究樣本來自中國大陸(上海、廈門、香港)、臺灣(宜蘭、臺中、東港)和新加坡(新加坡),共收集了6個族群,包括110個樣本。所有個體的核苷酸多樣性(π)為0.01149,其值介於0.00372(新加坡)和0.01345(宜蘭)之間。共鑑定了90個單倍型,可分為兩大譜系:譜系A由來自上海、宜蘭、廈門、臺中和東港的樣本組成,譜系B則對應於來自新加坡的樣本。遠海梭子蟹6個樣本,包括來自臺灣地區的高雄和澎湖、中國大陸地區的廈門和香港、越南和新加坡的共166個樣本,可分為兩大譜系:譜系A由來自廈門、香港、越南和新加坡的樣本。高雄的樣本僅屬於譜系B,而澎湖的樣本中既有屬於譜系A的,也有屬於譜系B的。譜系A和B的單倍體歧異度(h)分別為0.993和0.990,核苷酸歧異度(π)的估計值分別為0.040和0.031。紅星梭子蟹的族群遺傳結構較為複雜,可能受到海流和陸地障礙的影響,而遠海梭子蟹的族群遺傳結構較為單純,可能受到海流的影響。東亞地區兩個蟹種的地理親緣關係,顯示這兩個物種都分別存在兩個遺傳譜系,其中紅星梭子蟹的中國、臺灣附近海域樣本為一個譜系,而新加坡樣本為另一個獨立譜系,但是遠海梭子蟹的臺灣地區澎湖樣本點卻出現兩個譜系,推測可能是人為因素所造成的。此外,本研究還探討了沿岸休閒漁業資源復育策略,提出了一些具體的建議,包括加強監測和管理、建立保護區和限制漁獲量等。此外,本研究彙整兩種蟹類以及美國藍蟹在幾個國家中的漁業管理辦法中,並沒有檢測DNA的管理辦法,故進一步分析我國不同漁業別屬性與地理親源的關係,提出未來制定沿岸休閒漁業資源復育策略。 本文總結了研究的主要結果和貢獻,強調了研究對於休閒漁業產業和經濟性蟹類的保育和管理的重要性。本研究的結果可以為休閒漁業產業中遠海梭子蟹和紅星梭子的族群資源管理提供科學依據,同時也可以為經濟性蟹類的保育和管理提供參考。未來的研究可以進一步探討經濟性蟹類的族群遺傳結構和生態學特徵,以及休閒漁業產業的可持續發展策略。 In recent years, marine recreational fishing industries have emerged extensively worldwide, becoming a national development strategy in various countries such as Mainland China, Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Japan, the European Union, Russia, and Indonesia. However, with the thriving development of these industries, the soaring demand for marine fish, shrimp, and crab resources has led to resource depletion. Governments have been compelled to employ biostocking to supplement market goods that generate economic benefits, thus meeting the urgent demand of the recreational fishing industry. The significant impacts of this approach on the ecosystem are yet to be thoroughly studied. This study selects two economically valuable crab species frequently used in East Asia's recreational fishing industries, the three-spotted swimming crab (Portunus sanguinolentus) and the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus). The aim is to explore the population resource management of these two species within the recreational fishing industries, and to ascertain their population genetic structure, phylogeography, and population historical dynamics in East Asia. The introduction section of this paper presents the background and motivation for the study, highlighting the importance of economically valuable crab species and the conservation and management challenges they face. The objective of this study is to provide strategies for managing the population resources of blue and three-spotted swimming crabs in recreational fishing industries and to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of economically valuable crab species. This research employs samples of blue and three-spotted swimming crabs from East Asia, analyzed using molecular biology techniques. By analyzing the genetic markers and geographical information of the samples, this study identifies the population genetic structure and phylogeography of the blue and three-spotted swimming crabs in East Asia, as well as explores the historical dynamics of these populations. In the results section, this study reveals the geographical kinship and population genetic structure of three-spotted and blue swimming crabs. It's found that the three-spotted swimming crab samples are from Mainland China (Shanghai, Xiamen, Hong Kong), Taiwan (Yilan, Taichung, Donggang), and Singapore, with a total of six populations comprising 110 samples collected. The nucleotide diversity (π) of all individuals is 0.01149, ranging between 0.00372 (Singapore) and 0.01345 (Yilan). Ninety haplotypes were identified, divided into two clades: Clade A consists of samples from Shanghai, Yilan, Xiamen, Taichung, and Donggang, while Clade B corresponds to samples from Singapore. Blue swimming crab samples come from Kaohsiung and Penghu in Taiwan, Xiamen and Hong Kong in Mainland China, Vietnam, and Singapore, including a total of 166 samples from six populations, and they can be divided into two major clades: Clade A consists of samples from Xiamen, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Singapore. Samples from Kaohsiung belong only to Clade B, while those from Penghu belong to both Clades A and B. The haplotype diversity (h) of Clades A and B is 0.993 and 0.990, respectively, with estimated nucleotide diversity (π) values of 0.040 and 0.031. The population genetic structure of the three-spotted swimming crab is relatively complex, possibly affected by ocean currents and terrestrial barriers, while the population genetic structure of the blue swimming crab is simpler, possibly influenced by ocean currents. The geographical kinship of the two crab species in East Asia shows that both species each have two genetic clades, with the China and Taiwan area samples of the three-spotted swimming crab forming one clade and the Singapore samples forming another independent clade. However, samples from Penghu in Taiwan for the blue swimming crab display both clades, suggesting potential human influences. In addition, this study explores strategies for restoring coastal recreational fishing resources and offers specific suggestions, including strengthening monitoring and management, establishing protected areas, and limiting catch amounts. Furthermore, this research aggregates management measures from several countries for both crab species, as well as the American blue crab, none of which include DNA testing in their management strategies. Therefore, the study further analyzes the correlation between different fisheries attributes and geographical kinship in our country, proposing strategies for the restoration of coastal recreational fishing resources in the future. In conclusion, this paper summarizes the key findings and contributions of the study, emphasizing the importance of the research for the recreational fishing industry and for the conservation and management of economically valuable crab species. The results can provide a scientific basis for managing the population resources of blue and three-spotted swimming crabs in the recreational fishing industry, and can also serve as a reference for the conservation and management of economically valuable crab species. Future research can further explore the population genetic structure and ecological characteristics of economically valuable crab species, as well as strategies for the sustainable development of the recreational fishing industry. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88886 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202303028 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 漁業科學研究所 |
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