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標題: | 智慧城市之開放式創新發展:以臺北市智慧城市專案為例 Open Innovation Development of Smart City:A Case Study of Taipei Smart City Project |
作者: | 李丞翎 Cheng-Ling Li |
指導教授: | 劉康慧 Helen K. Liu |
關鍵字: | 開放式創新,創新中介機構,智慧城市,生活實驗室,臺北市智慧城市, open innovation,innovation intermediary,smart city,living lab,Taipei Smart City, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 近年來民眾對於公共服務的期望越來越高,且公共問題也越來越複雜(Gascó et al, 2017;Liu, 2021;Yuan & Gasco-Hernandez, 2021),加上美國政府於2009年開啟開放政府的浪潮,原本應用於私部門的「開放式創新」漸漸被引入公部門領域。過往研究多半著重於私部門領域,近十年來才漸漸關注開放式創新於公部門的應用,但多半以個案分析為主,研究結果難以一體適用於其他地區或國家。
開放式創新的「中介機構」(innovation intermediary)(Gascó et al., 2017)支持開放式創新的流程,並提供媒合、協調、溝通、技術試驗等功能,對於開放式創新而言,「創新的中介機構」其重要性佔一席之地。創新中介機構有許多樣態與類型,而「生活實驗室」與「智慧城市」便是其中兩個較為顯著的例子(Gascó, 2017)。據此,研究創新的中介機構能夠對於開放式創新的發展有更進一步地了解,除了剖析創新中介機構於開放式創新的過程中所提供的功能以外,還能藉此探討公部門採用開放式創新的原因、其所遇之挑戰,以及公部門運用開放式創新的成效與發展,並提出相關之實務建議。 Mergel(2018)分析開放式創新中介機構──美國「Challenge.gov」於組織內、組織間以及組織外所遇到的挑戰,本研究以此為基礎,綜合其他開放式創新的文獻,整理出本研究之主要分析架構。此外,本研究以「臺北市智慧城市專案」為分析對象,以了解臺北市選擇採用開放式創新的因素、臺北市使用開放式創新時所遇到的挑戰、現今的發展,並了解創新中介機構於此之中扮演的角色究竟為何。 在研究方法上,本研究以深度訪談的方式進行,訪談對象則是臺北市智慧城市專案辦公室之相關負責人,以及參與臺北市智慧城市專案之廠商。研究結果發現,公部門採用開放式創新的原因與保守的公部門文化有關,開放式創新的作法成為創新與守舊之間的橋樑。另外,首長的大力支持與國際潮流也推動著公部門採用開放式創新的方式。在開放式創新的過程中,創新中介機構主要提供媒合、溝通、宣傳等功能,並同時擔任政府幕僚、公正第三方的角色,在開放式創新的過程中提供公部門與私部門諮詢的管道,並在開放式創新的過程中提供專業的意見回饋與評比。 開放式創新讓公部門降低失敗風險的同時又能試驗新技術,且讓公部門多了許多跨領域、跨專業、與中、小型企業合作的機會。但在開放式創新的過程中,不論是公部門或私部門,仍會遇到許多阻礙,如同本研究基於Mergel(2018)所做的分析架構,本研究發現在臺北市智慧城市專案的案例中,組織內的阻礙因素中以法律、文化、資源、不確定的過程與結果,對於開放式創新的發展具備影響力;組織間的阻礙因素以協調溝通為主;組織外的阻礙因素主要則是開放式創新的能見度。 為解決上述問題,本研究提出相關實務建議。本研究認為建立良好的獎勵機制能夠更促進彼此間的互動關係並提升合作的效率,亦能同時提高開放式創新的能見度。此外,本研究亦認為若能延續創新中介機構的功能,則能更有效地延續開放式創新的能量,對於開放式創新於公部門間的發展會有一加一大於二的效果。 In recent years, there has been an increasing public expectation for higher quality public services, and public issues have become more complex(Gascó et al., 2017; Liu, 2021; Yuan & Gasco-Hernandez, 2021). Additionally, the wave of open government initiated by the U.S. government in 2009 has gradually introduced the concept of "open innovation,"originally applied in the private sector, into the public sector. Previous research has predominantly focused on the private sector, with a growing interest in the application of open innovation in the public sector over the past decade. However, most studies have relied on case analysis, making it challenging to generalize the findings to other regions or countries. Innovation intermediaries, as defined by Gascó et al.(2017), are organizations that support the process of open innovation and provide functions such as matchmaking, coordination, communication, and technology testing. They play a significant role in the realm of open innovation. Innovation intermediaries come in various forms and types, with"living labs"and "smart cities"being two prominent examples(Gascó, 2017). Consequently, studying these intermediaries can contribute to a deeper understanding of the development of open innovation. In addition to analyzing the functions they provide in the process of open innovation, it also allows for an examination of the reasons why the public sector adopts open innovation, the challenges they face, and the effectiveness and development of open innovation in the public sector. Practical recommendations related to these aspects can be proposed as well. Building upon Mergel's analysis(2018)of the challenges faced by the innovation intermediary"Challenge.gov"in the United States, this study integrates other literature on open innovation to develop its primary analytical framework. Furthermore, this study focuses on the"Taipei Smart City Project"as the subject of analysis to understand the factors behind Taipei's adoption of open innovation, the challenges encountered in implementing open innovation, and the current development. Additionally, the study aims to uncover the role played by innovation intermediaries in this context. In terms of research methodology, this study employs in-depth interviews with relevant personnel from the Taipei Smart City Project Management Office and vendors participating in Taipei's smart city projects. The research findings indicate that the adoption of open innovation in the public sector is influenced by a conservative organizational culture, with open innovation serving as a bridge between innovation and tradition. Strong support from top leadership and international trends also drive the adoption of open innovation in the public sector. During the process of open innovation, innovation intermediaries primarily provide functions such as matchmaking, communication, and promotion, while also serving as government aides and impartial third parties. They provide a channel for consultation between the public and private sectors, as well as offer professional feedback and evaluation in the open innovation process. Open innovation allows the public sector to mitigate the risk of failure while experimenting with new technologies, and it provides numerous opportunities for cross-disciplinary, cross-professional, and collaboration with small and medium-sized enterprises. However, both public and private sectors encounter various obstacles in the process of open innovation. Drawing on the analytical framework developed by Mergel (2018), this study found that in the case of the Taipei Smart City project, internal barriers within organizations, such as legal, cultural, resource-related, and uncertainties in processes and outcomes, have a significant impact on the development of open innovation. Interorganizational barriers primarily revolve around coordination and communication. External barriers mainly pertain to the visibility of open innovation. To address the aforementioned issues, this study proposes practical recommendations. It is argued that establishing a robust incentive mechanism can enhance the interactive relationships among individuals and improve the efficiency of cooperation, while simultaneously increasing the visibility of open innovation. Furthermore, this study suggests that by maintaining the functions of innovation intermediaries, the energy of open innovation can be sustained more effectively, leading to a synergistic effect in the development of open innovation within the public sector. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88855 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202302815 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 公共事務研究所 |
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