美中新冷戰？美中日學界的觀點

Abstract

本研究探討美國、中國和日本各個學界將現在美中關係是否視為「美中新冷戰」。美蘇冷戰結束後，在美中關係間出現軍事競爭、威權國家重新崛起的狀態。此外，在2018年時美中貿易戰的開始代表美中關係的惡化，該貿易戰從貿易領域擴及到安全保障問題以及軍事問題等。因為這些背景，在不少場合描述現在美中關係的時候開始用「新冷戰」這個詞，有些學者認為現在美中關係是「新冷戰」，則有些學者認為不是「新冷戰」。所以，這個論文的問題意識是「新冷戰」是什麼？為什麼會有不同的看法，以及這樣子的原因是什麼？本研究整理美中日個學界的看法，其中美國與中國的學者裡否定現在美中關係為「新冷戰」的比較多，日本學者則肯定現在美中關係為「新冷戰」的比較多。不管美中日學界將現在美中關係視為新冷戰的主要判斷基準是現在該兩國間存在著意識形態、政治制度及治理價值觀上的不同，美國有自由主義和資本主義，中國則有共產主義、社會主義與國家資本主義，因此將冷戰為不同意識形態與政治制度間的競爭的話，現在美中關係是新冷戰的狀態。

This study examines whether the current U.S.-China relationship is regarded as a "New Cold War between the United States and China" by various academics in the United States, China, and Japan. After the end of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the U.S.-China relationship has been characterized by military rivalry and the re-emergence of authoritarian states. In addition, the start of the U.S.-China trade war in 2018 represented a deterioration of U.S.-China relations, and the trade war expanded from trade to security and military issues. Because of these backgrounds, the term "New Cold War" has been used on many occasions to describe the current U.S.-China relations. Some scholars believe that the current U.S.-China relations are a "New Cold War", while others believe that it is not a "New Cold War". Therefore, the question of this paper is what is the "New Cold War"? Why are there different views, and what are the reasons for this? This study compiles the views of American, Chinese and Japanese scholars. Among them, more American and Chinese scholars deny that the current U.S.-China relationship is a "New Cold War", while more Japanese scholars affirm that the current U.S.-China relationship is a "New Cold War". Regardless of the U.S., Chinese, and Japanese academics' main criterion for considering the current U.S.-China relationship as a new Cold War is that there are differences in ideologies, political systems, and governance values between the two countries, with liberalism and capitalism in the U.S., and communism, socialism, and state capitalism in China. Therefore, if we consider the Cold War to be a competition between different ideologies and political systems, then the current U.S.-China relationship is a state of a new Cold War.