主權基金對世界經濟和地緣政治發展的影響—以中國和新加坡為例個案研究

Abstract

主權基金的發展及設立最早始於1950年代一些進出口貿易發達和資源豐富的國家，為妥善管理運用國家收支盈餘所累積財富，維護國民及後代子孫權益之永續發展而成立。 主權基金在國際金融市場，擔任為國家財富管理，保值增加多元化的投資收益，分散風險的重責，近年來更是扮演活躍的角色，對國際政治經濟的發展，金融市場的穩定，日趨漸增的影響力。 尤其是在中國領導人習近平2014年推動一帶一路及2022年2月開打的俄烏戰爭後，主權基金夾帶著國家資金的優勢和影響力，早已超過當初設立之目標宗旨，在日趨白熱化的美中政治角力的後冷戰時代，對國際地緣政治的發展，有著不可同日而語的關鍵地位。 本文研究的重點，不在於主權基金成立的緣由和形式，著墨已多，不再深入探究，主要研究重點是以中國和新加坡的主權基金為例，依國際現況，分析二國主權基金對亞太地缘政治，經濟發展的影響。在美中劍拔駑張地爭奪國際霸主的拔 河賽中，以印太地區的和平安全和人民的福祉為前提，真正實踐民有，民治和民享的民主精神， 應是各國政府的首要考量及職責。

The development and establishment of sovereign funds began in the 1950s in some countries with huge import and export trade surplus and rich natural resources. They were established to properly manage and use the accumulated wealth of national surpluses and safeguard the sustainable development of the rights and interests of citizens and future generations. In the international financial market, sovereign funds are responsible for managing national wealth, maintaining value, increasing diversified investment returns, and dispersing risks and influence. Especially after Chinese leader Xi Jinping promoted the Belt and Road Initiative in 2014 and the Russo-Ukrainian War in February 2022, sovereign funds have already surpassed their original goals and purposes with the advantages and influence of state funds. The state funds play key positions In the post-Cold War era of political wrestling and the increasingly intensified international geopolitics. The focus of this research is not on the reasons and forms of the establishment of sovereign funds. There are already many studies focused on it, so I am not going to delve into it. The main goal is to take the sovereign funds of China and Singapore as examples, analyze the contemporary international political situation, and their impact on regional politics and economic development.