氣調櫃內裝箱水果環境監測模組之研製

Abstract

臺灣是以外貿為主的經濟體系，每年出口貨物都為臺灣帶來巨大的財富。自106年後，水果以生鮮冷藏的方式出口比例越來越高，但是因水果其生理及生化作用導致水果劣變。近年來氣調貯藏技術的進步，可以控制氣體比例、溫度及濕度來達到減緩水果老化與腐敗。氣調貯藏依靠感測器及其排氣系統來進行主動控制貨櫃環境。但是箱內每個水果都會持續消耗氧氣以及產生二氧化碳，無法準確得知箱內水果所接觸氣體之成分是否與設定環境參數相同。 本研究研製一環境監測裝置，裝置需配有氧氣、二氧化碳、乙烯以及溫溼度對水果老化及腐敗有重大影響之因素，將裝置放入箱中紀錄水果箱內氣體與氣調櫃內的氣體和溫溼度數值是否有符合所設定的數值。 海運實驗為臺灣送往澳洲，其中可以發現氣調櫃內所設定值與水果箱內數值有所差距，導致水果出現發霉、果心產生局部黑斑等情況。

Taiwan has an economy that primarily relies on foreign trade, with annual exports bringing significant wealth to the country. Since the year 2017, the proportion of exporting fruits through fresh refrigeration has been increasing. However, the Physiological and biochemical effects lead to fruit deterioration. In recent years, advancements in controlled atmosphere storage technology have emerged, allowing for the regulation of gas composition, temperature, and humidity to slow down fruit aging and decay. Controlled atmosphere storage relies on sensors and exhaust systems to actively control the container environment. Nevertheless, each fruit within the container continuously consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, making it difficult to accurately determine if the gas composition within the container matches the setting of environmental parameters. This study aims to develop an environmental monitoring device equipped with sensors for oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, temperature, and humidity. These factors have a significant impact on fruit aging and decay. By placing the device inside the container, it will record the gas composition, as well as temperature and humidity values within the fruit container, and compare them against the setting of parameters. In a shipping experiment from Taiwan to Australia, it was observed that there were discrepancies between the setting of values in the controlled atmosphere and the actual values within the fruit container. This led to issues such as mold formation and localized black spots in the fruits.