員工知識藏私行為的前因—探討工作不安全感、 知識心理所有權及一般自我效能的影響效果

Abstract

在企業組織中，知識管理是一項極其重要的工作，然而在許多情況下，員工會刻意隱藏自己的知識和經驗，導致組織整體學習的成本上升。本研究採用便利抽樣法對職場工作者進行問卷調查，探討工作不安全感、知識心理所有權及一般自我效能分別與知識藏私行為之關係。研究結果顯示，員工之工作不安全感及知識心理所有權對知識藏私行為產生正向影響，亦即當員工感受工作不安全或對知識產生心理所有權時，均會導致知識藏私行為之發生；而一般自我效能則與知識藏私行為呈現負向關聯性，亦即一般自我效能愈高者愈不會作出知識藏私的行為。另外，經事後分析發現，高一般自我效能者雖然較不會從事知識藏私行為，但在經驗到與工作存續相關之不安全感時，其知識藏私行為將顯著提升。根據本研究結果，建議管理者應正視員工的工作不安全感及知識心理所有權對企業的影響性，尤其是攸關工作存續之不安全感，制定適當的措施和策略因應，藉以有效降低員工知識藏私行為。

In business organizations, knowledge management is an extremely important task. However, in many cases, employees tend to intentionally hide their knowledge and experiences, resulting in an increase in the overall learning cost of organizations. This study used a convenience sampling method and conducted a questionnaire survey on full-time workers to examine the relationships of employees’ job insecurity, knowledge-based psychological ownership and generalized self-efficacy with their knowledge hiding behavior. Results showed that employees' job insecurity and knowledge-based psychological ownership exerted a positive impact on knowledge hiding behavior. That is, when employees felt job insecure or experienced knowledge-based psychological ownership, they were inclined to engage in knowledge hiding behavior. Furthermore, employees’ generalized self-efficacy was negatively related to knowledge hiding behavior. That is, the higher the person’s generalized self-efficacy, the less likely he/she would engage in knowledge hiding behavior. Moreover, the post-hoc analysis found that, although employees with high generalized self-efficacy were less likely to engage in knowledge hiding behaviors, their knowledge hiding behaviors would significantly increase when they found their jobs at stake. According to the study findings, it is suggested that corporate management should critically examine the impact of employees' job insecurity and knowledge-based psychological ownership on employee behaviors, especially when employees feel their jobs being at stake, and formulate appropriate measures and strategies to effectively reduce employees’ knowledge hiding behaviors.