論惡與愛：從奧古斯丁看政治共同體的基礎

Abstract

只要是人，就會愛，就會犯罪。現代性的問題在於人與人之間的疏離感、人類的過度傲慢、還有對於「愛的秩序」的無知。對奧古斯丁而言，生活在塵世之中的人類，其本性早已因罪而受損。然而，所有罪人有可能站在一起盼望神。人們的平等來自於相同的根源：亞當。所有人都需要神的恩典來修復自己的本性。在奧古斯丁的政治哲學裡，每個人都該愛神、明瞭人類的景況、當心自己可能做惡的脆弱，還有因著受損的本性彼此相愛。

Everyone loves and sins. The problem of Modernity is the feeling of alienation, the pride of human being, and the ignorance of the Order of Love. For Augustine, the nature of human being living in this world is already damaged by sin. However, all sinners could stick together and long for God. The equality of humans comes from the same origin: Adam. All men need the grace of God to repair his own nature. In Augustine’s political philosophy, everyone should love God, realize the condition of human being, be aware of his own weakness to do evil things, and love each other because of the damaged nature. Keywords: Augustine, saeculum, two cities, evil, order of love, inner self, modernity