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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 邱振豪 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chenhao Chiu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 黃柏瑄 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Po-Hsuan Huang | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-08T16:45:00Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-09 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2023-08-08 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2023-07-20 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | Alexander, J. A. (2010). The theory of adaptive dispersion and acoustic-phonetic properties of cross-language lexical-tone systems (dissertation). Northwestern University, Evanston.
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88200 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本文探討協同變調在台灣華語和台灣閩南語中的產出與感知。雖然協同變調在華語和閩南語中已被證實存在，目前沒有先前研究系統性比較過協同變調在兩個語言中的差異。其中，由於聲調系統大小的差異，協同變調的產出與感知在兩個語言中可能不同。本文研究結果發現，和過往北京華語的研究不同，台灣華語的協同變調較為對稱；在兩個語言中，隨前變調和隨後變調皆為同化作用，且兩者在兩個語言中的強度相似。其中，在台灣華語和台灣閩南語中，隨前變調的強度皆較隨後變調大。基於感知實驗的結果，我們提出兩個可能可以用於處理感知歧異的機制。其一是藉由維持較狹窄的聲調接受程度以排除協同變調過後的聲調，如同我們在台灣閩南語所見；其二是將協同變調後的聲調接受為另外的聲調，再藉由正常化的方式得到目標聲調，如同我們在台灣華語所見。目前的結果指出協同變調可能是跨語言共性，但是受到語言特有的特性影響。此外，本文支持正規化乃是語言獨有的觀點。本文同時也為協同變調的正規化中感知與產出的互動以及跨語言共性和語言獨特性提供見解。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This study investigates the production and perception of coarticulated tones in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min. While coarticulatory effects have been found in both Mandarin and Southern Min, no prior study has systematically compared such effects in the two languages. Crucially, due to their different sizes of tone inventories, it is possible production and/or perception of coarticulated tones would be different in the two languages. Our results show that, different from previous findings in Beijing Mandarin, Taiwan Mandarin has a more symmetric distribution of tonal coarticulation. The directionalities of both the carry-over and anticipatory effects are assimilatory for both languages, with comparable magnitudes of the effects. In particular, the carry-over effects were found to be stronger than the anticipatory effects for both Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min. Based on the perceptual results, two mechanisms to deal with the possible perceptual ambiguity induced by coarticulated tones are proposed. One is to maintain narrower tone acceptance ranges, and to filter out coarticulated tones at the phonemic level, as manifested in Taiwan Southern Min; the other, observed in Taiwan Mandarin, is to accept coarticulated tones as lexical tones other than the intended target, and to retrieve the target tone through normaliztion afterwards. The current results suggest that tonal coarticulation appears to be a universal constraint, though subject to linguistic specificities. In addition, this study supports the idea that normalization is a speech-specific phenomenon special to language. This study also sheds light on the interaction of production and perception with regards to normalization in response to tonal coarticulation, as well as the issue of language universals and specificities. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2023-08-08T16:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2023-08-08T16:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Acknowledgements iii
摘要 v Abstract vii Contents ix List of Figures xv List of Tables xvii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Tonal coarticulation and perception of coarituclated tones 2 1.2.1 Possible factors of tonal coarticulation and the perception of coarticulated tones 3 1.2.2 Potential differences of tonal coarticulation and the perception of coarticulated tones in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 4 1.3 Research questions 6 Chapter 2 Background 9 2.1 Tonal coarticulation in Mandarin and Southern Min 9 2.1.1 Tonal coarticulation in Mandarin 10 2.1.2 Tonal coarticulation in Taiwan Southern Min 13 2.1.3 Section summary 15 2.2 Normalization and normalization for tonal coarticulation in Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 15 2.2.1 Types of normalization and the speech-specificity of normalization 15 2.2.2 Inter-talker tone normalization and normalization for tonal coarticulation in Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 17 2.2.3 Section summary 19 2.3 Tonal coarticulation: from production to perception 19 2.3.1 Three aspects from production to perception under tonal coarticulation 20 2.3.1.1 Magnitude of tonal coarticulation 20 2.3.1.2 Magnitude of normalization for tonal coarticulation 21 2.3.1.3 Other possible perceptual mechanisms 22 2.3.1.4 Three possible language types from production to perception under tonal coarticulation 25 2.3.1.5 Section summary 27 2.3.2 Predictions for Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 28 2.4 Summary 28 Chapter 3 Experiment 1 31 3.1 Methods 32 3.1.1 Participants 32 3.1.2 Stimuli 33 3.1.3 Apparatus 33 3.1.4 Procedure 33 3.1.5 Data processing 34 3.1.5.1 Labeling 34 3.1.5.2 Pitch extraction 34 3.1.6 Analyses 35 3.1.6.1 Pitch contour comparison 35 3.1.6.2 Tonal coarticulation 35 3.2 Results 37 3.2.1 Pitch contours 37 3.2.2 Directionalities and magnitudes of coarticulatory effects in the two languages 38 3.2.2.1 Tonal coarticulation in carry-over positions 38 3.2.2.2 Tonal coarticulation in anticipatory positions 39 3.2.2.3 Comparison of magnitudes of the two effects 39 3.2.2.4 Monolingual groups vs. bilingual groups 39 3.2.3 Comparison of individual tones 40 3.2.3.1 Section summary 41 3.3 Discussion 41 3.3.1 Typological atypicality of tonal coarticulation in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 41 3.3.2 Tone inventory sizes and possible perceptual confusion of coarticulated tones 43 Chapter 4 Experiment 2 45 4.1 Methods 46 4.1.1 Participants 46 4.1.2 Stimuli 46 4.1.2.1 Word selection 46 4.1.2.2 Synthesis material recording 48 4.1.2.3 Stimuli syntheses 48 4.1.3 Procedure 51 4.1.4 Analyses 52 4.2 Results 53 4.2.1 Normalization for tonal coarticulation in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 53 4.3 Discussion 55 4.3.1 Normalization effects shown by influence of preceding contexts on the perception of target tones 55 4.3.2 Differences of normalization effects for coarticulated tones in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 56 4.3.3 Speech-specificity of normalization 57 4.3.4 Section summary 57 Chapter 5 Experiment 3 59 5.1 Methods 60 5.1.1 Participants 60 5.1.2 Stimuli 61 5.1.2.1 Word selection 61 5.1.2.2 Stimuli recording and syntheses 61 5.1.3 Procedure 62 5.1.4 Analyses 62 5.2 Results 64 5.2.1 Steepness of acceptance rate climb/decline 64 5.2.2 Thresholds of acceptance 66 5.3 Discussions 68 Chapter 6 General Discussions and Conclusion 71 6.1 Routes from production to perception under tonal coarticulation in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min 72 6.2 Universality of tonal coarticulation 73 6.3 Tonal differences in terms of tonal coarticulation 74 6.4 Discrepancy between the strong magnitudes of tonal coarticulation and the narrower tone acceptance ranges 75 6.5 Possibility of other mechanisms 76 6.6 Conclusions 77 References 79 Appendix A — Participant Information 87 A.1 Monolingual group 87 A.2 Intermediate bilingual group 88 A.3 Advanced bilingual group 88 Appendix B — Stimuli 89 B.1 Experiment 1 89 B.1.1 Taiwan Mandarin stimuli 89 B.1.2 Taiwan Southern Min stimuli 89 B.2 Experiment 2 90 B.2.1 Taiwan Mandarin version 90 B.2.1.1 Formal trials 90 B.2.1.2 Practice trials 91 B.2.2 Taiwan Southern Min version 91 B.2.2.1 Formal trials 91 B.2.2.2 Practice trials 91 B.3 Experiment 3 92 B.3.1 Taiwan Mandarin version 92 B.3.1.1 Formal trials 92 B.3.1.2 Practice trials 92 B.3.2 Taiwan Southern Min version 92 B.3.2.1 Formal trials 92 B.3.2.2 Practice trials 93 Appendix C — Additional figures and tables 95 C.1 Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min tone contours in carry-over and anticipatory positions 95 C.1.1 Taiwan Mandarin tones in carry-over position 96 C.1.2 Taiwan Southern Min tones in carry-over position 97 C.1.3 Taiwan Mandarin tones in anticipatory position 98 C.1.4 Taiwan Southern Min tones in anticipatory position 99 C.2 LMM results of Experiment 1 100 C.2.1 LMM results for carry-over effects 100 C.2.2 LMM results for anticipatory effects 101 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 台灣華語 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 協同變調 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 台灣閩南語 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 聲調感知 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 正規化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Taiwan Southern Min | en |
| dc.subject | tonal coarticulation | en |
| dc.subject | tone perception | en |
| dc.subject | Taiwan Mandarin | en |
| dc.subject | normalization | en |
| dc.title | 台灣華語和台灣閩南語中協同變調之感知與產出 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Perception and Production of Coarticulated Tones in Taiwan Mandarin and Taiwan Southern Min | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 111-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 甯俐馨;盧郁安 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Li-Hsin Ning;Yu-An Lu | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 台灣華語,台灣閩南語,協同變調,聲調感知,正規化, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Taiwan Mandarin,Taiwan Southern Min,tonal coarticulation,tone perception,normalization, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 102 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202301810 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2023-07-21 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 文學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 語言學研究所 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 語言學研究所 | |
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