青少年使用社群媒體調適壓力之因應策略分析與適應性探討

Abstract

社群媒體使用已成為青少年生活中重要的一環，對於習慣使用社群媒體的青少年而言，社群媒體可能是因應日常壓力的工具。然而，國內研究鮮少以壓力因應的角度探討青少年的社群媒體使用行為。故本研究採用壓力互動理論作為研究架構，探討壓力知覺和心理韌性如何影響因應策略選用，以及不同因應策略和生活滿意度之關聯。本研究招募375位習慣使用Instagram社群媒體平台且就讀臺灣高中一、二年級學生，以線上問卷施測壓力知覺量表、心理韌性量表、因應策略量表、生活滿意度量表，以及使用行為等問卷。並以其中280位面臨壓力仍會使用Instagram的青少年，進行因素分析、集群分析、平均數比較分析以及相關分析。結果發現，青少年所使用的因應策略可區分出四種類型：問題因應、情緒因應、尋求支持因應、迴避因應。不同壓力知覺和心理韌性程度下，因應策略的選用和效果並不相同，情緒因應在低壓高韌性組和高壓低韌性組對生活滿意度皆有正向效果；問題因應在高壓低韌性組有正向效果；尋求支持因應在低壓高韌性組有正向效果，但在高壓低韌性組沒有。

Social media use has become an important part of adolescents' lives. For adolescents who regularly use social media, social media may be a tool to cope with daily stress. However, few domestic studies have explored adolescents' social media use behaviors in relation to stress coping. Therefore, this study uses the transactional theory of stress as a research framework to explore how perceived stress and resilience affect the choice of coping strategies, and the relationship between different coping strategies and life satisfaction. This study recruited 375 students who regularly use Instagram and were in the first and second grades of high schools in Taiwan. The stress perception scale, resilience scale, Instagram brief coping scale, life satisfaction scale, and usage behavior were measured using online questionnaires. For the 280 adolescents who reported regularly using Instagram when feeling stressed, factor analysis, cluster analysis, mean comparison analysis and correlation analysis were carried out. We identified four types of coping strategies used by adolescents: problem coping, emotional coping, support-seeking coping, and avoidance coping. Stress perception and resilience influenced the use of coping strategies. Emotion-coping had a positive effect on life satisfaction in both the competent（low stress-high resilience） group and the struggling（high stress-low resilience） group; problem-coping had a positive effect in the struggling group; support-seeking coping had a positive effect in the competent group, but not in the struggling group.