COVID-19 疫苗開發藥廠之全球佈局與策略

Abstract

COVID-19 疫情的爆發為全世界帶來了前所未有的挑戰，使得全球製藥產業快速採取行動以應對突發的病毒大流行。各國藥廠在短時間內著手開發 COVID-19 疫苗，以期迅速通過試驗、審核並上市，我國政府與生技公司亦採取行動，以求我國生技產業能藉此有所突破。這一全球性的疫情開啟了史無前例的疫苗開發模式，各國及各製藥企業究竟是如何進行佈局？在全球疫苗需求趨緩的後疫情時代又改採取什麼樣的全新策略？這都是非常新穎且重要的生技產業議題。

本研究希望深入探究各國以及國際藥廠在疫情之間及之後運用到之佈局以及策略，透過蒐集次級資料、與藥廠高層進行訪談等方式，分析各國家及四家個案公司 (輝瑞、莫德納、嬌生、阿斯特捷利康) 在應對疫情變化上的差異，再以 SWOT 分析來剖析轉往開發抗體以攻佔 COVID-19 疫苗市場的阿斯特捷利康在疫苗開發策略上之優劣勢、機會與威脅，並以 PEST 分析闡明台灣所處的生技產業環境，歸納出台灣生技業在此次全球疫苗競賽中難以突破之原因以及目前產業面臨之重大問題，在最後提出多個台灣政府及生技公司應積極改善現況以提升整體生技產業環境之見解。此外，國際製藥公司現今也面臨疫苗銷售額驟減之困境，藥廠除須持續依形勢調整策略來滿足不斷變化的需求、保持市佔率之外，本研究亦建議其應拓展疫苗開發能力，以因應往後流行疾病之發生。透過以上之結論與主張，本研究期望對台灣甚至是全球生技產業在新藥及疫苗開發方面有所貢獻。

The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges to the world, prompting pharmaceutical companies from various countries, including Taiwan, to develop COVID-19 vaccines in a very short period, creating a brand-new vaccine-developing model. Configuration strategies these countries and pharmaceutical companies deploy has become an up-to-date topic that is worthy of discussion.

Through collecting secondary data and interviewing pharmaceutical company executives, this study analyzes the difference of the strategies each country and the four representative companies (Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and AstraZeneca) adopt in response to the epidemic, and furthermore applies SWOT analysis to analyze AstraZeneca's strategy, which shifted from developing vaccines to developing antibodies, and applies PEST analysis to look over Taiwan's biotechnology industry, summarize the reasons why the industry can hardly make a progress in developing and manufacturing COVID-19 vaccines and the major problems it is now facing, and finally suggest improvements the government and biotechnology companies should make in order to enhance the entire biotechnology environment. In addition, although international pharmaceutical companies are already adjusting their strategies to the sharp drop in COVID-19 vaccine sales to maintain market share, this study also suggests that they should expand their vaccine development capabilities to cope with sudden disease outbreaks in the future. With the above conclusions and propositions, this study is expected to contribute to Taiwan’s and even the global biotechnology industry in developing new drugs and vaccines.