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| ???org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.ItemTag.dcfield??? | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 王名儒 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Min-Zu Wang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陶鎮宇 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Chen-Yu Tao | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-07-24T16:12:22Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-09 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2023-07-24 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2023-06-21 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | [1] S.H. Byun. Chapter 4 scintillation detectors. https://www.science.mcmaster.ca/radgrad/images/6R06CourseResources/4R6Notes4_ScintillationDetectors.pdf.
[2] H Alva-Sánchez, A Zepeda-Barrios, V D Díaz-Martínez, T Murrieta-Rodríguez, A Martínez-Dávalos, and M Rodríguez-Villafuerte. Understanding the intrinsic ra dioactivity energy spectrum from 176lu in LYSO/LSO scintillation crystals. Sci. Rep., 8(1):17310, November 2018. [3] Glenn F Knoll. Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons, Chich ester, England, 4 edition, August 2010. [4] D L Fried. Noise in photoemission current. Appl. Opt., 4(1):79, January 1965. [5] R Foord, R Jones, C J Oliver, and E R Pike. The use of photomultiplier tubes for photon counting. Appl. Opt., 8(10):1975–1989, October 1969. [6] E H Bellamy, G Bellettini, J Budagov, F Cervelli, I Chirikov-Zorin, M Incagli, D Lucchesi, C Pagliarone, S Tokar, and F Zetti. Absolute calibration and moni toring of a spectrometric channel using a photomultiplier. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 339(3):468–476, February 1994. [7] Chig Pao Chang. The single photon measurement by using the front-end readout system of neutrino telescope. Master’s thesis, National Taiwan University, 2011. [8] Taiwan applied crystal. https://www.tacrystal.com/. [9] The sodium-22 spectrum. https://www.ld-didactic.de/software/524221en/Content/Appendix/Na22.htm. [10] R A Ramirez, Wai-Hoi Wong, Soonseok Kim, H Baghaei, Hongdi Li, Yu Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Shitao Liu, and Jiguo Liu. A comparison of BGO, GSO, MLS, LGSO, LYSO and LSO scintillation materials for high-spatial-resolution animal PET detectors. In IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005. IEEE, 2006. [11] M Janecek. Reflectivity spectra for commonly used reflectors. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 59(3):490–497, June 2012. [12] J T M de Haas, P Dorenbos, and C W E van Eijk. Measuring the absolute light yield of scintillators. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 537(1-2):97–100, January 2005. [13] The scintillation wavelength of lyso. https://www.crystals.saint-gobain.com/sites/hps-mac3-cma-crystals/files/2021-08/LYSO-Material-Data-Sheet.pdf. [14] J Xia, S Qian, W Wang, Z Ning, Y Cheng, Z Wang, X Li, M Qi, Y Heng, S Liu, and X Lei. A performance evaluation system for photomultiplier tubes. J. Instrum., 10(03):P03023–P03023, March 2015. [15] Positron emission tomography. https://multimodalneuroimaging.wordpress.com/2015/04/28/c-positron-emission-tomography/. [16] Sikandar Shaikh. PET-CT in infection and inflammation. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland, December 2020. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87870 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate，Lu2(1−x)Y2xSiO5 : Ce，又稱”LYSO”，是現代常用的閃爍體之一。與其他常見的閃爍晶體相比，它具有多項優勢，例如短衰減距離、快速衰減時間、非吸濕性和良好的光產率。這些優點對於檢測 511 keV湮滅光子具有優勢，因此成為正電子發射斷層掃描（PET）系統中光電探測的良好候選者。
為了研究 LYSO 的光產率，我們需要知道準確的光量計算方法。我使用光電倍增管（PMT）作為光感測器，並使用發光二極管（LED）作為可調整光源校准PMT 的單光電子。我檢查了 LYSO 的本徵光譜，並以鈉 22 為放射源來研究 LYSO對 511 keV 入射光子的光產率。我還利用在單光電子校正實驗中的經驗，對偏振單光子進行延伸研究。 到目前為止，我們根據這些結果知道可控光源和適當光感測器的組合可以快速測試單個光電子。這對以後的科學研究非常有用，比如任意光量的校正，以及製造不同要求下的單光子源。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate, Lu2(1−x)Y2xSiO5 : Ce, also called ”LYSO”, is one of the modern commonly used scintillation crystals. It offers several benefits compared to many common scintillation crystals, such as short attenuation length, fast decay time, non hygroscopic, and comparable light yield. These benefits have advantages for the detection of 511 keV annihilation photons, so it is a good candidate for the photodetector in the positron emission tomography (PET) system.
To study the light yield of LYSO, we need to know the exact photon counting method. I use photomultiplier tube (PMT) as the light sensor and use light-emitting diode (LED) as the adjustable light source to calibrate the single photoelectron of PMT. I confirm the LYSO intrinsic spectrum and also use Sodium-22 as a radioactive source to study the light yield of LYSO for 511 keV incident photons. I also use my experience in single photoelectron calibration to conduct an extended study of polarized single photon. With these results so far, we know the combination of a controllable light source and light sensor can quickly test single photoelectron. This is very useful for future scientific research, such as the calibration of arbitrary light amounts and the manufacture of single photon sources with different requirements. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2023-07-24T16:12:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2023-07-24T16:12:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Verification Letter from the Oral Examination Committee i
誌謝 iii Abstract v 摘要 vii Contents ix List of Figures xiii List of Tables xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Inorganic scintillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 LYSO and its intrinsic spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 From the single photon measurement to the extension . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Photon counting by PMT 5 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 The structure and working principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 The physics processes and response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4 The approximated model on photon counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 Setup & Measurements on LED calibration 15 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.1 Light sensor-Hamamatsu R329-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.2.2 Black box, light source-LED, and attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2.3 The trigger system and digitizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.3 Results of LED calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3.1 Low light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3.2 High light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.3.3 The control and light-emitting behavior of LED . . . . . . . . . . 30 4 Light yield measurements of LYSO 35 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2.1 LYSO samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.2.2 Optical grease and seal tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.2.3 Radioactive source-Sodium-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.3 The scintillation light spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.3.1 LYSO intrinsic spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.3.2 Sodium-22 spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.4 The light yield measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.4.1 Cross section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.4.2 Seal tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.4.3 Optical grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.4.4 Changes over time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.4.5 Standard process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.4.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5 Setup & Measurements on polarized single photon 63 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.2.1 Light sensor-HZC XP72B20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.2.2 Polarizers and other components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.3 Results of polarized photon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.3.1 Extremely low light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.3.2 Low light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 6 Conclusion 85 A Appendix 87 A.1 Introduction about PET system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 A.2 Introduction about three common distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 A.3 Notices of the pedestal calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A.4 The Poisson model in the high light level results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 A.5 The candidate covering materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 A.6 The measurements about quantum efficiency and photocathode unifor mity of PMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Bibliography 107 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 閃爍體 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 光產率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | LYSO | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 單光子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 偏振 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | single photon | en |
| dc.subject | scintillator | en |
| dc.subject | light yield | en |
| dc.subject | LYSO | en |
| dc.subject | polarization | en |
| dc.title | 以單光子方法量測LYSO光產率及其延伸研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Measuring Light Yield of LYSO With Single Photon Method and Its Extended Study | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 111-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 呂榮祥;郭家銘;徐靜戈 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Rong-Shyang Lu;Chia-Ming Kuo;Jing-Ge Shiu | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 單光子,閃爍體,LYSO,光產率,偏振, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | single photon,scintillator,LYSO,light yield,polarization, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 109 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202300991 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2023-06-26 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 物理學系 | - |
| Appears in Collections: | 物理學系 | |
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| File | Size | Format | |
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| ntu-111-2.pdf | 44.98 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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