透過重構Par系統研究不對稱細胞分裂

Abstract

細胞不對稱分裂顯著影響原核和真核生物的分化和功能，會對後代細胞產生不同的命運，對於生物演化的進程再重要不過。在這些生物體中，一個在演化上相對保守的蛋白質家族，Par 蛋白複合物，參與了細胞質內蛋白質的不對稱分佈和不對稱分裂的控制。而其中PAR-3本身自我聚合的能力以及PAR-3與PAR-6兩個蛋白之間的交互作用是造成不對稱性分布的主要因素，這份研究主要是針對PAR-3與PAR-6進行探討，由於在演化上相當保守，因此我們蒐集了各種不同物種的PAR-3與PAR-6進行本研究的實驗。我們在這份研究中用了三種不同的系統對Par 蛋白複合物進行實驗，分別是在大腸桿菌中表現、在油滴的系統中表現以及蛋白質的實驗分析三種不一樣的實驗系統，透過這三種系統的實驗結果讓我們成功地看見PAR-3與PAR-6兩個蛋白間的交互作用，對於PAR-3本身自我聚合的能力則需要再更進一步地探討，在這三種系統的研究成果中有彼此能夠相互印證的地方也有互相不同的地方。三種系統中也都有各自的問題還必須去解決，因此本研究接下來運行的方向可能會朝向將這三個系統去進行整合，我們必須先解決三的系統中各自的問題然後才能對於三個系統的結果進行比較與統整最終才能更進一步清楚地描繪Par 蛋白複合物整體的運作。

Asymmetric cell division significantly affects the differentiation and function of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and produces different fates for daughter cells, which cannot be more important to the process of biological evolution. In these organisms, an evolutionarily relatively conserved protein family, the Par protein complex, is involved in the asymmetric distribution of proteins within the cytoplasm and the control of asymmetric division. The ability of PAR-3 to self-oligomerize and the interaction to PAR-6 are the key factors causing the asymmetric distribution and division. This study mainly focuses on PAR-3 and PAR-6. For discussion, because they are quite conservative in evolution, we collected PAR-3 and PAR-6 from various species for the this study. We used three different systems to perform experiments on Par protein complex, expression in E. coli, droplets, and analysis of proteins. Through these three different systems, the results of the system allow us to successfully find the interaction between the PAR-3 and PAR-6. The ability of PAR-3 to self-aggregate needs to be further explored. The three systems also have their own problems that must be solved, so the direction of this research may be to integrate these three systems. Comparing and integrating the results of the system will eventually lead to a clearer depiction of the overall functioning of the Par protein complex.