系統方法教練模式對鐵人三項運動員心理堅韌性之效益

Abstract

本研究旨在探討鐵人三項運動員與教練使用系統方法作為訓練模式的考量因素，瞭解在訓練與比賽中，系統方法教練模式對運動員心理堅韌性的效益，並探討真人教練在此模式中的角色及重要性，應用質性研究方法，針對使用系統方法教練模式進行訓練一年以上，且於2022 年 Ironman Penghu 完賽成績為分齡組排行前十名之業餘運動員及其教練為研究對象，透過深度訪談法蒐集受訪者的經驗分享， 以樣版式分析法進行質性資料分析。 研究發現，運動員與教練的使用考量為評估數據之專業、教練會考量影響運動員訓練的多方面因素、溝通討論、規劃客製化課表與即時調整訓練課表之適切性等；使用系統方法教練模式，在訓練與比賽中對運動員之心理堅韌性之效益，在於能提供運動員學習運動專業的管道，引導正確的態度、思維，增進對身體與心理之感知與認知，而提升在壓力下的應對能力，並經由回溯記錄與討論來處理成功與失敗，鞏固運動員的自信與產生良好回復力；而真人教練於系統模式中的角色與重要性為其能透過人與人之間的互動，促進運動員的積極和遵從度，並指導運動員適當地應用正確之參數種類，有助運動員以問題導向產生不同的角度與視野，協助運動員對自我行為的反思和學習使用智能環境與數據。 研究建議運動員以資訊素養為導向學習運動專業知識，而教練應提升科技實務應用之素養，並對未來研究提出在學術方面與科技研發方面之建議。

This study aimed to explore the consideration of triathletes and coaches using systems-based approach as a coaching model, to understand the effect of systems-based approach coaching model on athletes' mental toughness in training and competition, and to explore the role and importance of human coaches in the model. The research participators are amateur athletes who have been trained in this model for more than one year and finished Ironman Penghu in the top ten of their age groups in 2022 and their coach. The data was collected by in-depth interviews. Qualitative data analysis was performed by template analysis style. The study found that triathletes and coach considered professional assessment and the appropriateness of training planning. This model provides a channel for communication and discussion between athletes and the coach. The application of information and communication technology, data affordance and the professional coach can guide athletes to correct attitude and thinking pattern, enhance their perception and cognition, improve coping ability under pressure, and handle success and failure through reviewing the training and race data that can maintain self-confidence and generate good resilience so it helps cultivate athletes' mental toughness. As being able to provide professional analysis and different aspects of personal data to motivate athletes and induce better compliance, human coaches is an integral element of this model. The study advised separately on amateur triathletes, coaches and future research. The research suggests triathletes to learn sports professional knowledge oriented by information literacy, and suggests coaches to improve information literacy in the practical application of technology. Suggestions for future research are also put forward in terms of academic research and development of sports technology.