驕傲或羞辱？探究2018-2020 年⾼雄選舉的情感政治

Abstract

高雄市2018-2020歷經了多場選舉，兩年內高雄市舉辦了九合一地方選舉、總統大選、市長罷免案以及市長補選案，這幾場選舉皆有高投票率或高得票數的紀錄。本研究以「選舉風暴」說明短時間內多次投票，選民仍積極參與選舉的現象。 本研究首先回顧1998-2018年民進黨執政下的高雄，指出「驕傲論述」是民進黨治理期間，因應工業轉型而出現的治理方式，此治理特色是選舉風暴的重要背景；其次、以「驕傲／羞辱」的情感框架分析政治人物的「選舉語言」，指出「驕傲／羞辱」的選舉語言能激化選民的感受，產生極化的集體情感；最後，透過選舉數據指出20-29歲的年輕選民具有代表性，並藉由「情感公民」分析他們的「選舉實踐」，主要是返鄉投票、家庭溝通與社群媒體，說明集體下的個人情感會生產多種不同的情緒，例如：生氣、難過、快樂、希望。本研究指出這些情緒在個人與集體間發揮影響力，是造成選舉風暴的關鍵。 本研究取徑文化研究與情感地理學，指出目前情感地理學深受德勒茲（Deleuze）的情動理論影響，大多使用「情動氛圍」（affective atmosphere）的概念進行分析，卻忽略了不同的情緒本身具有差異性。因此，本研究借用湯姆金斯（Tomkins）的情動理論，指出「驕傲／羞辱」是「自覺情緒」，會經由自我評估後產生多種不同的情緒，並藉由「情感公民」的概念分析個人實踐下的情緒是什麼。總而言之，本研究在理論層次上藉由「驕傲／羞辱」的分析，補充情動理論在情感地理學中的討論觀點。

Kaohsiung City experienced a series of elections from 2018 to 2020, including the nine-in-one election, the presidential election, the mayoral recall vote, and the mayoral by-election, all of which had a high voter turnout or vote counts. This study refers to this phenomenon as the "election storm" to illustrate the active voter participation despite multiple elections held in a short period of time. This study first reviews the governance of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in Kaohsiung from 1998-2018 and indicates that the "pride discourse" was a governing approach in response to the industrial transformation. This feature is an important background for the election storm. Secondly, the study analyzes the "election language" through the use of the emotional framework of "pride/shame" and points out that this language can intensify voters' emotions and generate polarized collective emotions. Lastly, the study analyzes 20-year-old to 29-year-old voters, who were representatives of the electorate, and their "election practice" by concept of "affective citizenship". The study finds that individual emotions under the collectives can generate various emotions, such as anger, sadness, happiness, and hope. This study indicates that these emotions have an influential role between individuals and collectives, and are key in producing the election storm. This research adopts cultural studies and emotional geography influenced by Deleuze's affect theory, which uses the concept of "affective atmosphere" for analysis. However, this study complements this discussion by applying Tomkins’ affect theory, pointing out that "pride/shame" are "self-conscious emotions", which produce more complex and diverse emotions. The study illustrates these complex and varied emotions of the individual by utilizing the concept of "affective citizenship". In short, this study complements the discussion of affect theory in emotional geography with "pride/shame" at the theoretical level.