臺北市議會議員連署提案網絡之研究

Abstract

本研究聚焦於臺北市升格為直轄市後，作為首善之都的臺北市議會地方議事發展的情形，以臺北市議會議員連署提案為主題，運用社會網絡分析為研究方法，系統性探究地方議員在連署提案當中的互動關係與合作模式。為系統性檢視長期以來地方政治精英權力互動與動態變遷情形，本研究以臺北市直轄市議會時期中第1屆至第12屆議會議員連署提案（自1969年12月25日至2018年12月24日止，共計長達49年）為研究範圍，從636席民選地方議員所提出之3,203則議員提案中建置大規模與貫時性議員連署提案資料庫，並建立相應社會網絡指標與統計模型詮釋連署提案中所涉及的議員（個體層次）、議員團體（團體層次）與議員合作結構（整體層次）之影響。 植基於從個體、團體與整體層次所取得的研究發現，本研究進而提出以下結論：（一）、自第5屆議會開始，臺北市議會中議員的性別、學歷與黨籍組成漸趨多元，女性議員的比例從第5屆議會的17.65%一舉攀升到第12屆議會的34.92%、具碩士學歷的議員人數比例從第5屆議會的21.57%提升到第12屆議會的61.9%、民主進步黨籍的議員人數比例從第6屆議會的21.57%上升到第12屆議會的42.86%；（二）、從第6屆議會開始，議員連署提案的小世界商值、實際網絡比值與個人程度中心性影響力均大幅轉強，突顯臺北市議會議員於連署提案的互動情形更形密切；（三）、臺北市議會議員團體的所屬成員其政黨同質性比例偏高，且同黨議員合作結構高於跨黨議員合作結構，揭示連署提案係以同黨議員之間合作為主；（四）、臺北市議會議員連署提案存在女性議員之間合作的傾向，在第1屆至第10屆議會當中，女性議員之間合作結構的勝算比均高於異性議員之間合作結構以及男性議員之間的合作結構。 綜合政黨體制、提案互動情形與議員連署合作傾向的差異，本研究提出臺北市議會議員連署提案合作階段模式，認為臺北市議會歷經一黨體制（第1屆至第5屆議會）、多黨體制階段（第6屆至第9屆議會）與兩黨體制階段（第10屆至第12屆議會），在不同政治階段議員連署提案不論是互動情形與合作方式上都呈現階段性差異，突顯臺北市議會的議員連署提案發展並非一成不變，而係伴隨時間推移與政治情勢動態變遷。有鑒於此，本研究茲對於臺北市議會、地方議事機關以及議事研究者臚列研究建議：（一）、臺北市議會應塑造議員之間的交流管道以便凝聚共識；（二）、地方議事機關應擘劃議事資料庋藏與利用策略；（三）、議事研究者宜採用複合式研究方法分析議員合作提案成因。期盼進一步以臺北市議會議員連署提案合作階段模式為起點，除揭示當今臺灣地方政治民主合作上的政黨極化困境以外，也期盼藉由議員連署提案網絡研究的具體成果，思考如何塑造議員之間的交流管道以便凝聚共識，在異中求同尋求地方民意機關議員間協力合作，為臺灣地方民主長期議事發展提供兼具系統性、全盤性與創新性的詮釋。

This study focused on the development of the Taipei City Council’s capability for handling local council affairs after Taipei City, the capital of Taiwan, became a special municipality. Cosponsored proposals raised during Taipei City Council meetings were selected as the research subject, and social network analysis was conducted to examine the collaboration and interactions among councilors during putting forward cosponsoring proposals. To facilitate systematic inspection of the long-term interactions and dynamic changes in power among local political elites, the research scope of this study was limited to cosponsored proposals raised during Taipei City Council meetings, specifically the 1st to 12th Taipei City Council meetings (from December 25, 1969, to December 24, 2018; a period of 49 years). The study investigated 3203 proposals raised by 636 seats of local councilors, established a large-scale longitudinal database of cosponsored proposals, and developed corresponding social network indicators and statistical models to interpret the influences of individual councilors (individual-level factors), councilor groups (group-level factors), and the cooperative structure of councilors (council-level factors) involved in the cosponsorship of proposals. Base on the study’s findings regarding the influences of individual-, group-, and council-level factors, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) after the fifth council meeting, the sexes, education levels, and party affiliations among the councilors increased in diversity. The proportion of female councilors has risen from 17.65% in the 5th to 34.92% in the 12th meeting, the proportion of master education level councilors has increased from 21.57% in the 5th to 61.9% in the 12th meeting, the proportion of Democratic Progressive Party councilors has risen from 17.65% in the 5th to 34.92% in the 12th meeting; (2) after the sixth council meeting, the small world quotient, the actual small world network ratio, and the degree centrality of the councilors have all grown significantly, highlighting the councilors’ engagement in interactions for putting forward cosponsoring proposals increased; (3) the group members of councilors have a relatively high proportion of political party homogeneity, and the estimated value of the cooperative structure of councilors from the same party is higher than that of different parties, revealing that councilors of the same party cosponsored most proposals raised during Taipei City Council meetings; (4) numerous cosponsored proposals raised during Taipei City Council meetings were formulated through collaboration between female councilors. In the 1st to 10th meetings, the log odds of the cooperative structure between female councilors is higher than opposite-sex councilors and male councilors. According to the differences in party structures, proposal-related interactions, and cosponsoring trends among councilors, the cosponsorship collaboration phase model proposed herein divided the phases of Taipei City Council meetings into three phases, namely the one-party system phase (1st to 5th council meetings), multiparty system phase (6th to 9th council meetings), and two-party system phase (10th to 12th meetings), each phase was characterized by different interpersonal relationships and models of collaboration among cosponsoring councilors, these differences can be attributed to changes in the political environment and councilor demographics as well as the establishment of new parties. Based on the conclusions of this study, the following suggestions for Taipei City Council, local councils, and researchers in council-related fields were developed: (1) Taipei City Council should establish communication channels among councilors to consolidate consensus; (2) local councils should devise strategies for the storage and use of data on council-related affairs, and (3) researchers in council-related fields can employ mixed methods to analyze factors related to the cosponsoring of proposals by councilors. The cosponsorship collaboration phase model established based on the councilors serving on the Taipei City Council is expected to highlight the problem of political polarization encountered in political and democratic collaborations at the local level. Additionally, the findings of this study regarding the cosponsorship collaboration phase model may serve as a reference in planning communication channels among councilors to consolidate consensus; helping local councilors find common ground to promote coordination and collaboration; and developing a systematic, comprehensive, and innovative view for the long-term development of local council affairs in Taiwan.