以IO－MFN模型評估聚酯產品聯盟對經濟與環境之影響

Abstract

塑膠在全球的使用量與日俱增，不同國家主要生產的塑膠種類都不相同，以台灣為例，生產量最大的塑膠原料為本研究的目標對象－「聚酯粒」。為有效管理塑膠原料以減緩塑膠垃圾問題，各國訂定許多塑膠管理策略，我國亦引進荷蘭的Green Deal來推動塑膠循環經濟聯盟，目前我國已成立「塑膠容器循環經濟聯盟」與「台灣紡織資源循環聯盟」，期望整合聯盟內的合作對象，使再生料更大量使用於相關的塑膠產品。 然而這兩個聯盟當前皆處於小規模的試驗階段，為評估二者在全國規模下的實施效果，並聚焦於聚酯產品進行討論，本研究將二者改以「再生塑膠容器聯盟」及「再生聚酯纖維聯盟」來呈現，首先改良IO－MFN 模型(Input－Output Material Flow Networks Model)，考量包含進口廢塑膠容器(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)及擴增國內再生料來源(廢布、廢纖維、舊衣)的五種策略，並以該模型進行聚酯粒和再生聚酯料的物質流分析。 結果顯示改良後的IO－MFN模型可以透過產業關聯表(IO表)直接連動聚酯粒及再生聚酯料的物質流桑基圖，在最節省盤查時間的情況下進行不同策略的物質流分析。在策略評估上，除了整併各個策略的策略5之外，代表廢塑膠容器(PET)進口的策略1最能有效提升我國整體的再生聚酯料總量，創造更多的產值以及碳排放減量效益。 然而若是將廢布、廢纖維產生業者以及舊衣回收業者一同納入聯盟合作對象，則塑膠容器與聚酯纖維的再生料含量將更為提升。因此雖然本研究充分展現了廢塑膠容器(PET)進口做為再生聚酯料原料的優勢，但更佳的選擇是採取策略5的方式，將有潛力的各方合作對象進行整合，以達到最佳的效果。

The use of plastics is expanding worldwide, and the plastics produced in different countries also vary in its substance used. This research addresses the most produced material used in plastics found in Taiwan - “polyester chip”. Upon high usage of plastics, strategies have been developed by different countries to manage and mitigate plastic waste problems effectively. Green Deal, a covenant from the Netherlands, is currently introduced to Taiwan with a goal to promote a circular economy initiative for plastics. At present, Taiwan has established the Plastic Container Circular Economy Initiative and the Taiwan Circular Textile Initiative as a team to promote the use of recycled materials in plastic products. These two initiatives, however, are still in a small-scale experimental stage. Hence, to evaluate the effect of implementing both initiatives on a national scale with a focus on polyester products, the two initiatives could then be modified as Recycled Plastic Container Initiative and Recycled Fiber Initiative. Essentially, improvements were made to the IO-MFN model. These improvements were made with imported waste of plastic containers (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) and the expansion of domestic recycled material sources (waste cloth, waste fiber, old clothes) as its main consideration. Altogether, five strategies were developed, and the model was used to analyze the material flow of polyester chips and recycled polyester materials caused by each of these strategies. The obtained results showed that the improved IO-MFN model, through the medium of Input-Output tables, could be directly linked to the polyester chip, regenerating a change in the sankey flow diagram. By the same token, it also enables the material flow analysis of different strategies to be carried out in the least amount of time. In terms of strategy evaluation, in addition to Strategy 5, Strategy 1, which is known for its representation in regard to import waste of plastic containers (PET), has the highest effectiveness in increasing the total volume of recycled polyester materials in Taiwan, creating more production value and reducing carbon emissions. The recycled content of plastic containers and polyester fibers, however, would be even higher if waste cloth, waste fiber producers, and used clothes recyclers were included in the initiatives. Although this study demonstrates the advantages of importing waste plastic containers (PET) as a raw material for recycled polyester, adopting Strategy 5 approach and integrating all potential partners could be a better option to achieve the best results.