不同規律運動訓練型態男性心臟收縮時間間隔、血流動力學指標與有氧能力之橫斷比較研究

Abstract

摘要 目的：本研究以橫斷實驗設計，探討比較不同運動訓練型態之規律運動男性，在長期訓練後心臟功能與血管功能的差異，以及考驗血液生化指標、有氧能力與動脈硬度指標之關聯。方法：研究共納入98位年齡介於18至40歲至少一年規律運動習慣之健康成年男性，依運動型態分為混合運動組 (年齡:24 ± 3歲、腰臀圍比:0.80 ± 0.05、N=23)、有氧訓練組 (年齡:24 ± 6歲、腰臀圍比: 0.81 ± 0.05、N=31)、阻力訓練組 (年齡:23 ± 3歲、腰臀圍比:0.82 ± 0.05、N=44)。以血管功能測量儀獲得其血流動力學指標 (心跳、血壓、肱-踝脈波傳導速度) 與心臟功能指標（收縮時間間隔)，同時以腳踏車進行最大運動測試獲得最大攝氧峰值。進一步分別考驗不同運動訓練型態於心跳、血壓、心臟功能（收縮時間間隔）與動脈硬度（肱-踝脈波傳導速度）各項指標之差異，並進一步結合血液生化指標考驗各生理指標之間以及與動脈硬度、最大攝氧峰值之預測關係。結果：阻力訓練組的平均血壓、平均動脈壓和脈壓均高於其他規律運動族群，而在 VO2peak也顯著低於另外兩組。合併各組別時VO2peak與平均動脈壓呈現高度負相關 (r = -0.31)，也與收縮壓呈現負相關 (r = -0.26)，而在心臟收縮時間間隔指標中則與PEP/ETc呈現正相關 (r = 0.25)，此外baPWV在血液生化指標中，與空腹血糖呈現高度正相關 (r = 0.31)，而與單核球、嗜中性白血球/淋巴球細胞比率呈現正相關 (r = 0.25、r = 0.26)，另外與淋巴球呈現高度負相關 (r = -0.29)，和白血球呈現負相關 (r = -0.23)。結論: (一) 長期規律阻力訓練者在血流動力學指標高於其他規律運動族群，且baPWV與VO2peak呈現顯著負相關，表示有氧能力較差者其動脈硬度也較高。(二) 長期規律有氧訓練組有較佳的血糖與脂質控制效果，可能與低動脈硬度水準有關，而就三種運動訓練型態比較，顯示單純從事有氧或阻力單一訓練所產生的發炎反應會低於混合運動組，然而本研究中混合運動組有較高的發炎反應也有可能是因為有較高的血糖水準。

Abstract Purpose: This cross-sectional study was aimed to compare the effects different types of habitual exercise training on cardiac and vascular function parameters in men, and examine the associations between blood biochemical parameters, aerobic capacity, arterial stiffness, and systolic time interval parameters. Methods: A total of 98 healthy adult males (aged 18-40 yrs ) who regularly engaged exercise training at least one year were included in this study. All subjects were divided into mixed exercise group (combined with aerobic and resistance training) (Age: 24 ± 3yrs、WHR : 0.80 ± 0.05、N=23), aerobic training group (Age: 24 ± 6yrs、WHR: 0.81 ± 0.05、N=31), and resistance training group (Age: 23 ± 3yrs、WHR: 0.82 ± 0.05、N=44) according to self-reported questionnaire. The hemodynamic indices (heart rate, blood pressure) and cardiac functional indices (systolic time intervals) were obtained by using a vascular screening device, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was obtained by performing a maximal cycling exercise test. Differences in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac function (systolic time intervals) and arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV) were further compared between groups. The associations between measured variables, including blood biomarkers, were established by using correlation and regression analysis. Result: Mean blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were higher in the habitual resistance-trained men compared with others, whereas VO2peak of resistance-trained men was significantly lower than that of the aerobic and mixed exercise groups. VO2peak showed a high negative correlation with mean arterial pressure (r = -0.31) and a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.26), and a correlation with PEP/ETc (r = 0.25) in the systolic time interval index when groups were combined. In addition, baPWV showed a high positive correlation with fasting glucose (r = 0.31) and a positive correlation with monocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (r = 0.25, r = 0.26), and a high negative correlation with lymphocytes (r = -0.29) and white blood cells (r = -0.23). Conclusion: Habitual resistance-trained men had higher blood pressure than other groups; lower aerobic capacity was associated with high arterial stiffness in this exercise population. Moreover, better glycemic and lipid control was observed in the habitual aerobic training group, which may to related to the low arterial stiffness level. The inflammatory responses of habitual aerobic- and resistance-trained group were lower than those of the mixed exercise group.