建立保險聯盟鏈之問責制度

Abstract

台灣積極推動金融科技應用之發展，其中金管會同意於2021年1月正式上線的「保全/理賠聯盟鏈」也為其中之一。本文以該聯盟鏈為觀察對象，討論分散式帳本技術中聯盟鏈應該如何建立問責制度的問題。本文首先回顧區塊鏈所運用之技術，包括公鏈、私鏈及聯盟鏈間之性質差異，以及台灣現有之區塊鏈技術相關應用。接著分析台灣保險業為何有引入聯盟鏈技術的需要，包括傳統保險業面臨的固有問題以及聯盟鏈能夠創造之優勢。本文進一步指出，聯盟鏈為保險業創造的新問題，特別著重於聯盟鏈中的問責問題。本文在比較Corda平台與列支敦斯登之《區塊鏈法》後，認為賦予聯盟鏈一法律上可供問責之地位會是較好之監理模式，並在比較合夥、有限責任公司以及無權利能力社團之法律與性質後，建議或可將聯盟鏈解釋為一無權利能力社團，並適用相關法制。

Taiwan has been actively promoting the development of Fintech, including the so-called “Insurance/Claims Consortium Blockchain” which received the FSC’s approval to launch in January 2021. In this thesis, I examine this Consortium Blockchain and discuss how to establish an accountability system for Consortium Blockchain. The thesis firstly reviews the technology used in blockchain, including the difference between public, private, and consortium blockchain, and the applications of blockchain in Taiwan. This thesis then discusses why there is a need for Taiwan’s insurance industry to introduce the blockchain technology, including the problems inherent in the traditional insurance industry and the advantages that Consortium Blockchain can create. That said, Consortium Blockchain also creates new problems for the insurance industry, of which the accountability of Consortium Blockchain will be the focus of this thesis. After comparing the rules of Corda and the Blockchain Act of Liechtenstein, this thesis proposes that giving a legal status to the Consortium Blockchain to hold it accountable would be a desirable regulatory model. After comparing the law of partnerships, limited liability companies, and unincorporated corporation, this thesis proposes to characterize Consortium Blockchain as an unincorporated corporation and apply relevant laws to Consortium Blockchain.