《淮南子》「瓌異型王政論」之展開暨其思想史流衍

Abstract

於周秦漢之子學系統中，《淮南》是一部不甚容易討論的典籍；所以說其不易討論，主要是指：它不易被建立起在該系統（周秦漢子學）內部之思想獨特性、也不易被建立起自身系統（《淮南》）內部之思想統一性。而此主要導源於它的兩項基本特徵：一、其思想多襲先秦舊說；二、其體系藏納矛盾觀點。前者導致其失卻在思想史上自身意義的獨立性，而轉成先秦思想的附庸；後者導致其失卻在價值理念上自身性格的明晰性，而轉作綜雜之學。 本部論文的目的，就終極處言，毋寧即在嘗試解消上處二種困結，試圖讓《淮南》成為一部「作為其自身」而「思想性格明析」之典籍，以重新綻顯於世。筆者將如此之關懷，寓之於兩道表層問題意識而給出；首先為問《淮南》對漢代思想的滲透介入狀態為如何？其次為問《淮南》在其各等記述中所內蘊的價值信念為如何？ 在具體操作上，筆者以「奇」作為核心概念，分別就《淮南》對天、地、人三大課題的記述而擇取其中所具瓌異性格的部分──天文記述、地理記述、感應記述──一方面討論它們於漢代思想史中之浮沉流轉，另一方面討論它們所蘊藏之治道信念及價值理序。 期待藉由此種相對特殊的切入點，能一定程度的溶釋《淮南》所久受貞定的存在性格，並提供學人一種解消《淮南》研究的內在困結之可能。

The Huainan is one of the not easily discussed classic in the Zhou-Qin-Han system of classics, historical records, and philosophical writings; the main reason for such saying is that it is not easy to establish the uniqueness of ideas within that system (Zhou-Qin Han philosophical writings), nor is it easy to establish the unity of thought within its own system (Huainan). This is mainly due to its two basic characteristics: I. The ideas are mostly inherited from the old sayings of the pre-Qin period. II. Its system contains contradictory views. The former leads to its lack of independence of meaning in the history of thought, thereby becoming an appendage of pre-Qin ideas. The latter has led to a loss of clarity in its own character in terms of values and thus turned it into a variety of schools of ideas. The purpose of this article, in the final analysis, is to attempt to untie the above two knots and to make the Huainan a text that “as itself” and “with a clear analysis of its ideological character” can reemerge to the world. The author has put such concern into two primary questions: first, how deep does the Huainan penetrate into the thought of the Han Dynasty? Second, what are the values and beliefs embedded in the Huainan's narratives? The author uses “Qi” as the core concept and selects the parts of Huainan that have a unique character - theory of astronomy, geography, and induction - in relation to the three major topics of Huainan - heaven, earth, and man - in order to discuss their fluctuations in the history of thought of Han Dynasty on the one hand, and their beliefs and values in the order of rule on the other. It is expected that through this relatively special point of view, the long-chastened character of the Huainan can be explained to a certain extent and provide scholars with a possibility to untie the internal knot in the study of the Huainan.