教會口譯員角色之描述性研究

Abstract

本研究透過描述性翻譯研究方法探討口譯員在教會中的角色，角色此一構念展現了人在社會中受到的期望以及在社會中的定位(Biddle, 1986)，而在社會學中，規範(norms)表示在不同社會情境下行為的準則和標準，因此，社會中的規範也反映出社會中的角色。規範在描述性翻譯研究中也成為研究目標之一，透過研究原文及譯文的轉換(shifts)來探討翻譯中的規範。本研究將描述性翻譯研究從筆譯的領域延伸至口譯，透過分析口譯規範及轉換，進一步探討教會口譯員的角色。 本研究針對八篇六十分鐘之中英雙語平行語料進行分析，素材取自台北雙語教會The Hope星期天之主日講道，由四位口譯員分別進行口譯。除了量性和質性分析口譯的轉換外，本研究亦使用半結構性訪談作為研究方法，透過訪談四位口譯員，了解其對於教會口譯規範及教會口譯員角色的觀點。四位受訪者皆有超過十年的教會口譯經驗，僅其中一位接受過短期專業口譯訓練。 原文和譯文文本分析顯示三大口譯轉換：增譯(Addition)、減譯(Reduction)以及改述(Paraphrase)。增譯及減譯頻率極高，顯示口譯員在講道過程中扮演積極角色並遵循六個口譯規範：精簡(Conciseness)、額外解釋(additional explanation)、認同講者(identification with speaker)、譯文邏輯連貫(logical cohesion of utterance)、溝通性(communicativity)和重述(rephrasing)。上述規範進一步顯示口譯員的角色為守門員(gatekeepers)、闡明者(clarifiers)、表演者(performers)、幫助者(helpers)、促進溝通者(communication-facilitators)以及隱形的共同講道者(invisible co-preachers)。訪談結果顯示，口譯員的觀點呼應文本分析的結果並指出口譯轉換背後的目的，例如：將訊息清楚傳遞是為了彰顯神的旨意。訪談結果亦顯示，文本分析無法觀察到一些和基督信仰直接相關的角色，例如：忠心的僕人(faithful servants)、恩賜的管家(stewards of talents)、器皿(vessels)和破口修復者(repairers of the breach)。本研究發現或許有助於教會口譯員的訓練。

This study examines the roles of interpreters in a church setting by adopting the research paradigm of descriptive translation studies. As the construct of role is the embodiment of social expectation and the function of specific position in the society (Biddle, 1986), roles are expected to be reflected by norms, which are a set of standards and behaviors accepted by a given community. Norms, a research focus in descriptive translation studies, may be revealed by analyzing source-target text shifts. This study extends the method of translation studies into interpreting, exploring church interpreters’ roles by analyzing interpreting norms and shifts. The study analyzed source-target text shifts occurred in a Chinese-English parallel corpus of eight 60-minute sermons interpreted by four interpreters at The Hope Church, a bilingual church in Taipei City, Taiwan. In addition to quantitative and qualitative analysis of interpreting shifts, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain perspectives from the interpreters of these sermons on the norms of church interpreting and the roles of church interpreters. These four church interpreters all had more than ten years of interpreting experience, with one of them receiving a short-term professional interpreting training. Intertextual analysis revealed three types of shifts: Type A shifts (Addition), Type R shifts (Reduction), and Type P shifts (Paraphrase). The high frequencies of Addition and Reduction showed that the interpreters played an active role in the sermons. These shifts reflected the norms of conciseness, additional explanation, identification with the speaker, logical cohesion of utterance, communicativity, and rephrasing. The norms further reflected the roles of church interpreters as gatekeepers, clarifiers, performers, helpers, communication facilitators, and invisible co-preachers. The findings of intertextual analysis were triangulated with the interviewees’ view collected via semi-structured interviews. It was found that there were underlying purposes for the observed shifts, such as to reveal God’s will by getting the message across as clearly as possible. Interview data also indicated that shifts cannot reveal some faith-based roles, such as faithful servants, stewards of talents, vessels, and repairers of the breach. The findings of this study may be valuable to the training of church interpreters.