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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳彥仰(Mike Yen Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | ChingYi Tsai | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 蔡青邑 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-19T23:45:58Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2022-08-30 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2022-08-26 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/86269 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 這篇論文藉由方向性力回饋的感知設計與模型來提升虛擬擊球體驗的體驗。首先，基於高壓空氣裝置，我們為三種受到廣泛歡迎的擊球運動 (乒乓球、羽毛球和網球) 設計對應的非接地式力回饋手持裝置，這些擊球運動於現實中的受力強度涵蓋了極大的範圍 (0-400N)。其次，為突破現今非接地式觸覺力回饋技術輸出力的有限性 (<5N)，我們進行了力回饋的感知實驗，並發現了一項新的感知錯覺，即使用者受到的衝擊力時間越長，感知到的衝擊力值越大，平均倍數為 2.57 倍。最後，通過 72 個獨立受試者與一系列形成性與感知性的使用者體驗研究，我們探索了數種不同的感知設計，其中包括透過衝擊力強度的變化和衝擊力時長的變化，以此來擴大感受到力回饋的動態範圍。我們的使用者體驗評估顯示，相對於基於物理原理設計的力回饋體驗，感知設計可以顯著提高體驗的真實性並獲得使用者的偏好。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | We present AirRacket, perceptual modeling and design of ungrounded, directional force feedback for virtual racket sports. Using compressed air propulsion jets to provide directional impact forces, we iteratively designed for three popular sports that span a wide range of force magnitudes: ping-pong, badminton, and tennis. To address the limited force magnitude of ungrounded force feedback technologies, we conducted a perception study which discovered the novel illusion that users perceive larger impact force magnitudes with longer impact duration, by an average factor of 2.57x. Through a series of formative, perceptual, and user experience studies with a combined total of 72 unique participants, we explored several perceptual designs using force magnitude scaling and duration scaling methods to expand the dynamic range of perceived force magnitude. Our user experience evaluation showed that perceptual designs can significantly improve realism and preference vs. physics-based designs for ungrounded force feedback systems. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2023-03-19T23:45:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-1908202220483300.pdf: 9454969 bytes, checksum: 3345b633c9528221339dc556c049ac17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Contents 誌謝 ii 摘要 iv Abstract v 1 Introduction 1 2 Related Work 5 2.1 Perceptual Design of Force Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Force Feedback for Racket Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Ungrounded, Directional Force Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 System Design, Implementation, and Validation 9 3.1 Nozzle Layout and Racket Device Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Pneumatic Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3 Hardware and Software Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.4 System Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4.1 Force Magnitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4.2 Force Rise and Fall Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4.3 Operating Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4.4 Response Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 Study: Haptic Experience of AirRacket with Physics-based Model 14 4.1 Physics-based Impact Force Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.2 Vibrotactile Feedback Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3 Study Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.4 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.5 Procedure and Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 Study: Perceived Impact Force Magnitude vs. Duration 21 5.1 Procedure, Tasks, and Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6 Study: Range of Acceptable Impact Duration for Virtual Racket Sports 25 6.1 Procedure, Tasks, and Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7 Perceptual Designs of Force Mapping Models 28 7.1 Force Mapping Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.2 Minimum Perceivable Force in Force Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8 Study: User Experience Evaluation of Perceptual Designs 31 8.1 Procedure, Tasks, and Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8.2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 9 Discussion and Future Work 34 9.1 Combining with Visuo-haptic Techniques to Increase Perceived Force Magnitude . . . . . . 34 9.2 Impact Force Feedback on User Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.3 Perceptual Design for Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9.4 Further Findings on Perceived Impact Magnitude vs. Duration . . . . . . 35 9.5 Handheld Device Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 10 Conclusion 38 Bibliography 39 Appendices 48 Supplementary Data on Magnitude Estimation 49 Icon Credits 50 List of Figures 1.1 An overhead racket swing that shows the impact force on the racket resulting in rotational and transitional acceleration, and the multiple muscle groups working together to counter the impact force. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 AirRacket explores perceptual force feedback design of air propulsion jets to improve the haptic experience of virtual racket sports: ping-pong, badminton, and tennis (note: white smoke added for illustrative purpose only, actual compressed air is invisible). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1 AirRacket system showing (1) Pneumatic control system: a pressure regulator controlling force magnitude and two solenoid valves controlling force direction, which fits inside a small backpack, and (2) Custom-designed racket devices: for ping-pong, badminton, and tennis, each consisting of a sport-specific handle, a carbon fiber shaft, connectors, nozzle mount, and two nozzles with separate tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 System architecture diagram showing a pressure regulator controlling force magnitude and two solenoid valves controlling 1-DoF force directions, connected to noise-reducing nozzles on one of our custom designed handheld racket devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Evaluation result on device’s performance: a) force magnitude, b) risetime and fall time, c) noise, and d) frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.1 Racket and ball impact modeling: a) motion before the impact; b) freebody diagram of the racket during the impact; c) motion after the impact. 14 4.2 Study setup: a) A linear resonant actuator and the location that it is embedded into each racket device; b) A participant holding a racket in a virtual badminton environment; c) The highlighted target areas for the three sports, which appeared individually during our study; A red highlight indicates a shot missing the target area, whereas a green highlight indicates a shot hitting the target. (We removed the nearest target zone for tennis during the study in Section 6.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 User study results for vibration vs. air jet for the three racket sports: (a) average realism rating (with standard error) on a 7-point Likert scale, and (b) preference. (*) denotes p<.01 and (**) denotes p<.05. . . . . . . . . . 19 5.1 Averages and standard deviations for normalized magnitude estimation of different force durations with impact force rendered on the long device length (60cm) and the short device length (20cm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.1 Our four types of force mapping models: a) Baseline: based on physics modelling, and clipped at the system maximum, b) Scaled: scaled force magnitude with constant duration, c) Max+Duration: constant, maximum force magnitude with varying duration, d) Scaled+Duration: scaled force magnitude with varying duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8.1 Force Mapping Model Evaluation Results: A) The average likert points of each force mapping models for sense of realism. B) Participants’ preference rankings for each mapping methods in three racket sports. . . . . . 32 9.1 Regression analysis showing force duration vs. perceived intensity from our magnitude estimation study follows the power law. . . . . . . . . . . 36 1 Result normalized with the grand arithmetic mean across all force settings for each participant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 **List of Tables** 4.1 Velocities and time intervals between serves for each ball type. . . . . . . 18 5.1 Average normalized magnitude estimation of different force durations withimpact force rendered on the long moment arm (60cm) and short momentarm (20cm) across 12 participants, and their average (AVG) across 5 forcemagnitude settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.1 Average duration (with standard error) across users from the Impact Du-ration Study, showing the shortest acceptable duration (Shortest), mostrealistic duration, and longest acceptable duration (Longest) chosen forrealistic impact experience for near and far targets for ping-pong, badminton, and tennis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 觸覺回饋 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 虛擬實境 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 感知設計 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 擊球運動 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | ungrounded force feedback | en |
| dc.subject | Haptics | en |
| dc.subject | force perception | en |
| dc.subject | perceptual design | en |
| dc.subject | air propulsion | en |
| dc.subject | virtual reality | en |
| dc.title | 利用方向性力回饋的感知設計提升虛擬擊球體驗 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | AirRacket: Perceptual Design of Ungrounded, Directional Force Feedback to Improve Virtual Racket Sports Experiences | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 110-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.author-orcid | 0000-0001-5664-6562 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭龍磻(Lung-Pan Cheng),陳炳宇(Bing-Yu Chen),蔡欣叡(Hsin-Ruey Tsai),余能豪(Neng-Hao Yu) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee-orcid | 鄭龍磻(0000-0002-7712-8622),陳炳宇(0000-0003-0169-7682),蔡欣叡(0000-0003-4764-0139) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 觸覺回饋,虛擬實境,感知設計,擊球運動, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Haptics,force perception,perceptual design,air propulsion,ungrounded force feedback,virtual reality, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 50 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202202605 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2022-08-29 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 電機資訊學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 資訊網路與多媒體研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2022-08-30 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 資訊網路與多媒體研究所 | |
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