國中生拒絕含糖飲料的自我效能與含糖飲料使用之關係——預期的含糖飲料愉悅感交互作用之研究

Abstract

目的：在社會認知模型下，本研究探討內在和外在兩個方面的含糖飲料的拒絕效能對於國中生的含糖飲料攝取行為的影響，加上控制變項來預測青少年的含糖飲料使用頻率，瞭解國中青少年含糖飲料愉悅效果在意程度與內在拒絕效能在含糖飲料使用頻率中的交互作用。 方法：資料來源是以立意取樣以新北市三所國中共42個班級，共1147位名學生為研究對象於2019年3月至6月在各班級進行25分鐘紙本問卷填答。研究自變項為內在、外在的含糖飲料拒絕效能，依變項為含糖飲料的使用頻率，控制變項為含糖飲料知識分數、健康飲食分數、性別、BMI分組、父母親的教育程度、每週在含糖飲料上的花費和自覺家庭經濟情況、對於含糖飲料愉悅效果的在意程度、對於含糖飲料導致的疾病負擔的在意程度。在資料處理方面以SPSS 25.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計、卡方檢定、雙變數分析、多元線性回歸分析。 結果：（1）內在拒絕含糖飲料的自我效能與每週含糖飲料使用頻率有顯著負相關（P＜0.001），外在拒絕含糖飲料的自我效能在與每週含糖飲料使用頻率是有顯著負相關（P＜0.001）。（2）女性國中青少年含糖飲料愉悅效果的在意程度與內在拒絕效能有交互作用，當內在拒絕效能提高一個單位，原本可以降低0.389單位的含糖飲料攝取，但是當愉悅感的在意程度增加一單位時，則此時內在效能的效果就會完全被取代，女性國中青少年反而會增加0.06個單位的含糖飲料攝取。全樣本國中青少年以及男性對於含糖飲料愉悅效果的在意程度與內在拒絕效能無交互作用。 結論：內外在拒絕效能越強則含糖飲料使用頻率越低；日常飲食越健康則含糖飲料使用頻率越低，通過增加含糖飲料的知識以及培養更加健康的家庭日常飲食習慣可以增強含糖飲料使用的拒絕效能進而減少含糖飲料的攝入。增加健康飲料以及水愉悅效果能替代含糖飲料所帶來的的愉悅效果。

Purpose: According to the Social Cognitive Theory, this study explores the effects of drinking-refusal efficacy to sugar-sweetened beverages（SSB）on its intake behavior among junior high school students regarding both internal and external aspects, predicts the frequency of SSB used among youth, and analyzes the interaction of pleasurable effects from SSB and the internal drinking-related refusal efficacy. Method: The data source, based on purposive sampling, targets at 1,147 students in total of 42 classes from three junior high schools in New Taipei City, and each class shall complete the paper-based questionnaires within 25 minutes from March to June 2019 respectively. Independent variables of the study are the internal and external refusal efficacies of SSB; the dependent variables are the drinking frequency of SSB, and the controlled variables are the knowledge score of SSB, healthy diet score, gender, BMI grouping, parents’ level of education, weekly expenses on the SSB, and self-awareness of the family’s economic status, conscious level to the pleasing effects of SSB and to the burden of diseases caused by SSB. For data processing, the study utilizes SPSS 25.0 packaged software to carry out the descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, Two-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Result: (1) The internal self-efficacy refusing SSB and weekly drinking frequency of SSB have significantly negative correlations (P < 0.001), and the external self-efficacy refusing SSB and weekly drinking frequency of SSB have significantly negative correlations(P < 0.001). (2) The conscious level of the pleasing effect and internal refusal efficacy among female youths in junior high school are interactive: the intake of the SSB, which should have reduced by 0.389 units when the internal refusal efficacy increases by one unit, actually increased by 0.06 units of female youths in junior high school, due to the fact that the effects of the internal efficacy will be completely offset when the conscious level to the pleasure caused by SSB intake increases by one unit. By contrast, the interactions between the conscious level to the pleasing effects of SSB and the internal refusal efficacy is insignificant among male youths of all the sample. Conclusion: When the internal and external refusal efficacies are stronger, the drinking frequency of the SSB is lower. When the daily diet is healthier, the drinking frequency of the SSB is lower; it is possible to enhance the refusal efficacy of SSB drinking through educating the knowledge on the SSB and cultivating healthier daily diet and habits in the family, thus reducing the intake of SSB. Increasing the pleasing effects of healthy beverages and water may substitute the pleasing effects brought by the SSB.