客觀物質條件與主觀物質感受對兒童心理幸福感之影響： 以多層次分析探究

Abstract

近年對於兒童的研究，從原本比較偏指標性的研究，發展至今探究兒童主觀福祉研究，本研究尤其欲探討貧窮對於兒童福祉的影響，並且想要了解客觀物質條件與主觀物質感受是否可以預測台灣兒童的心理幸福感。除此之外根據過去的研究發現，社會環境對人的心理幸福感非常重要，尤其兒童生活在社區中會受到同儕、社區居民、社區環境對其之影響，故本研究目的是探討兒童個人的客觀物質條件與主觀物質感受以及社區的經濟狀況對於心理幸福感之影響。 本研究中使用ISCWeB資料庫，其中包含台灣 92 個不同地區就讀的 2,825 名 10 歲和 12 歲兒童。本研究使用多層次羅吉斯分析方法探討兒童個人層面的是否為青春期、客觀物質條件，主觀物質感受對心理幸福感之影響，也探討在社區層面的經濟狀況對心理幸福感之影響，並且在控制下探討跨層次的交互作用對心理幸福感之影響。 研究結果指出，在個人層次上兒童處於青春期對於其心理幸福感有顯著影響，並且客觀物質條件和主觀物質感受對兒童心理幸福感也有較高的機率，使得心理幸福感較幸福。而且發現主觀物質感受比起客觀物質條件對心理幸福感之影響更大。在社區層次上，社區的經濟狀況對心理幸福感無顯著影響，社區的經濟狀況並未直接對心理幸福感產生影響。在跨層次對於心理幸福感影響上，發現在個人層次的客觀物質條件與社區層次的經濟狀況的交互作用對於心理幸福感無顯著影響；個人層次的主觀物質感受與社區層次的經濟狀況的交互作用對於心理幸福感有正向的顯著影響。 本研究建議，教育工作者可加強對物質不同面向的教學，健全兒童對物質的多元詮釋，社工人員在服務時也須提升對兒童物質上的敏感度，以及不同社區的經濟狀況對兒童之影響，並注意兒童青春期時心幸福感，以協助青春期兒童度過此時期的情緒變化。

In recent years, the research on children has developed from the children indicator research to the research on the subjective well-being of children. This research especially aims to explore the impact of poverty on children's well-being, and to understand whether material deprivation and subjective poverty can predict children's psychological well-being in Taiwan. In addition, according to past research, it is found that the social environment is very important to people's psychological well-being, especially children living in the community will be affected by their peers, community residents, and community environment. The effects of material deprivation, subjective poverty, and the economic status of the community on psychological well-being. The influence of poverty on child well-being is found to be different depending on how the concept is measured. This study intends to examine whether children in adolescence, material deprivation and subjective poverty can predict the psychological well-being of children in Taiwan. Past studies found that the social environment is crucial for people’s well-being, in particular, for those who live in a more affluent area, having less materials may have a more devastating effect on their subjective well-being than those living in a less affluent one. There, we also use a multilevel analysis approach to examine both individual and community-level economic status while adjusting for various control variables. Data used in this study consisted of 2,825 children, aged 10 and 12, attending schools in 92 different districts in Taiwan. The results of the study pointed out that children in adolescence or not, material deprivation and subjective poverty were significantly associated with children’s psychological well-being. However, subjective poverty was more strongly associated with psychological well-being of children than material deprivation at the individual level. At the community level, the economic status of the community has no significant impact on psychological well-being. At cross-level, it is found that the interaction between the material deprivation at the individual level and the economic situation at the community level has no significant impact on psychological well-being; The interaction between the subjective poverty at the individual level and the economic situation at the community level It has a positive significant effect on. This study suggests that educators can strengthen the teaching of different aspects of material, improve children's diverse interpretations of material, and social workers should also increase their sensitivity to children's material in their services, as well as the impact of different communities' economic conditions on children, and pay attention to the well-being of children during adolescence to help adolescent children get through the emotional changes during this period.