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請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/85585
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor李素華(Su-Hua LEE)
dc.contributor.authorTien-Han Chengen
dc.contributor.author鄭天瀚zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-19T23:19:06Z-
dc.date.copyright2022-08-03
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2022-07-02
dc.identifier.citation中文文獻 專書 謝銘洋(2019),《智慧財產法》,臺北:元照。 期刊論文 王立達(2020),〈售後市場拒絕授權之競爭法評價與誠實信用原則:智慧財產法院賓士車燈設計專利侵害案一審判決評析〉,《公平交易季刊》,第28卷第4期。 李素華(2021),〈我國設計專利制度之檢討:以德國及歐盟立法例為比較初探〉,《臺大法學論叢》,第50卷第2期。 李素華(2021),〈設計專利權保護與權利行使-從維修免責條款之利法提案與新近訴訟案談起〉,《專利師》,第44期 沈宗倫(2010),〈由權利耗盡原則論合法專利物之使用界限:以專利物組裝與修復為中心〉,《國立台灣大學法學論叢》,第39卷第1期。 徐銘夆(2015),〈歐盟共同體設計維修免責條款之實踐與探討―以英國BMW v. R&M案為中心〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,第200期。 徐銘夆(2018),〈歐盟維修免責條款再進化――以歐盟法院最新判決與政策動向為中心〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,第239期。 徐銘峯(2008),〈歐盟汽車零件工業設計保護之修正草案立法脈絡介紹〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,第110期。 陳龍昇(2018),〈美國設計專利維修免責立法之探討〉,《萬國法律》,第219期。 陳龍昇(2018),〈鼓勵創新與促進產業競爭:由2017年歐盟汽車輪框案探討歐盟設計保護維修免責規範〉,《萬國法律》,第220期 葉雪美(2008),〈複合式產品售後維修零件之設計保護及免責條款的法制研究-以汽車售後維修零件為例〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,第110期。 魏杏芳(2021),〈賓士汽車勝訴的理由-評智慧財產法院106年民專訴字第34號判決的競爭分析〉,《全國律師》,第25卷5期。 立法文獻 立法院議案關係文書,院總字第474號,委員提案第24457號。 網路文獻 石安玲、林子傑(2021),〈汽車零件製造業發展趨勢(2021年)〉,《TTR台灣趨勢研究報告》,載於:https://www.twtrend.com/trend-detail/manufacture-of-parts-for-motor-vehicles-2021/ 吳加男(2020),《「維修條款」影響消費者權益知多少?實際試算給你看》,載於:https://am.u-car.com.tw/am/article/64466 李盈逸(2010),《台灣汽車售後服務(Aftermarket: AM)零件產業分析》,載於:https://www.artc.org.tw/chinese/03_service/03_02detail.aspx?pid=1456 明翰(2021),《台灣「維修免責」引發各界熱議_國際態勢怎麼走?》,載於:https://am.u-car.com.tw/am/article/65522  高敬原(2021),《車業30強》帝寶名稱來自「鹿港」?看54年老牌車業如何年砸5%研發費成車燈光學玩家!》,載於:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/62044/depo 產業價值鏈資訊平台,《汽車產業鍊簡介》,載於:https://ic.tpex.org.tw/introduce.php?ic=3000 章忠信(2020),〈設計專利應否增列維修免責條款之檢討〉,《著作權筆記》,載於:http://www.copyrightnote.org/ArticleContent.aspx?ID=1&aid=2956 葉雪美(2020),〈美國非OEM碰撞零件售後市場的歷史背景和發展現況〉,《北美智權報》,第268期,載於:http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/Knowledge_Center/Design_Patent/IPNC_200909_1001.htm 葉雪美(2021),〈「設計專利導入維修條款」才是解決「綁架維修」最好方案〉,《北美智權報》,第283期,載於:http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/Knowledge_Center/Design_Patent/IPNC_210428_1001.htm 葉雪美(2021),〈法國國會通過逐步開放外觀可視零件市場競爭〉,《北美智權報》,第295期,載於:http://www.naipo.com/Portals/1/web_tw/Knowledge_Center/Design_Patent/IPNC_211027_1001.htm 劉光瑩(2020),〈一個官司摧毀一個產業-德國賓士控告帝寶,為何引發核爆級判決?〉,《天下雜誌》,第704期,載於:https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5101346 賴秀菱(2020),《汽車工業產值佔整體製造業3.1%零組件以外銷為主》,載於:https://www.digitimes.com.tw/iot/article.asp?cat=158&cat1=20&cat2=&id=594799 謝君臨、林良昇(2021),《法案story 維修免責條款 燙手山芋〉,載於:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1487233  鍾榮峰、林育瑄(2021),《保障車用零配件產業_業者盼推維修免責立法》,載於:https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202108310117.aspx   外文文獻 專書 ACEA(2020), The Automobile Industry Pocket Guide 2020-2021. Credit Suisse(2013), Swiss Watch Industry_Prospects and Challenges. Dana Beldiman (2017), An International Perspective on Design Protection of Visible Spare Parts, Springer. William M. Landes, Richard A. Posner(2003), The Economic Structure of Intellectual Property Law, Harvard University Press. 期刊論文 Annette Kur(2008), Limiting IP protection for competition policy reasons – a case study based on the EU spare-parts-design discussion, in Josef Drexl (ed), Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, Edward Elgar Publishing. Benedikt HERZ and Malwina MEJER(2020), The effect of design protection on price and price dispersion: Evidence from automotive spare parts, European Commission. Josef Drexl, Reto M Hilty and Annette Kur(2005), Design Protection for Spare Parts and the Commission’s Proposal for a Repairs Clause, 36 IIC 448 Kara Y. Wanstrath(2010), Access to Repair Parts Act: Will It Achieve Its Goal or Hurt an Already Struggling Industry?, 20 DePaul J. Art, Tech. & Intell. Prop. L. 409   司法裁判及相關文件 Aiken v. Manchester Print Works, 1 F. Cas. 245 (C.C.D.N.H. 1865) Aro Mfg. Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co., 365 U.S. 336, 342, 81 S. Ct. 599, 602, 5 L. Ed. 2d 592, 128, 128 U.S.P.Q. 354 (1961) (Aro I). Auto. Body Parts Assoc. v. Ford Global Techs. , No. 13–00705 (E.D. Tex. filed Nov. 25, 2013.) Automotive Body Parts Association v. Ford Global Technologies, LLC, No. 2018­1613. Autorité de la concurrence, Opinion no. 12-A-21 of 8 October 2012 on competition in the vehicle repair and maintenance sector and the spare parts manufacturing and distribution sector Avery v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 321 Ill. App. 3d 269, 275, 292 (Ill. App. Ct. 5th Dist. 2001) Avery v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 835 N.E.2d 801 (Ill. 2005). Avia Group v. L.A. GearCalif., 853 F.2d 1557 (Fed. Cir. 1988). BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT v. ROUND AND METAL LIMITED & PHILIP DAVID GROSS;Neutral Citation Number:[2012] EWHC 2099 (Pat),Case No:HC11C02291. Best Lock Corp. v. Ilco Unican Corp., 94 F.3d 1563 (Fed. Cir. 1996). Bloomer v. McQuewan, 55 U.S. 539, 549 (1852). Certain Crystalline CefadroxiZ Monohydrate, Investigation No. 337-TA-293, Publication No.2240 (I.T.C. November 1989) CJEU, 11 May 2000, Case C-38/98 – Régie nationale des usines Renault SA v. Maxicar SpA and Orazio Formento [2000] I-2973 CJEU, 21 June 1988, Case C-53/87 – Consorzio Italiano della Componentistica di Ricambio per Autoveilici (CICRA) and Maxicar v. Régie Nationale des Usines Renault [1988] ECR 6039, 237. CJEU, 29 April 2004, Case C-418/01 – IMS Health GmbH & Co. OHG v. NDC Health GmbH & Co. KG, [2004] I-5039 CJEU, 5 October 1988, Case C-238/87 – AB Volvo v. Erik Veng (UK) Ltd. [1988] 6211. CJEU, 6 April 1995, Joined cases C-241/91 P and C-242/91 P – Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) and Independent Television Publications Ltd (ITP) v. Commission of the European Communities (Magill) [1995] I-743 Commission Staff Working Document Executive Summary Of The Evaluation of EU legislation on design protection{SWD(2020) 264 final} Egyptian Goddess Inc. v. Swisa Inc., 543 F.3d 665 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. v. Covidien, Inc., 796 F.3d 1312, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2015). Europe Economics(2015), Economic Review European Commission, Case No. IV/34.330 – Pelikan v. Kyocera. European Commission, Proposal for a Directive amending Directive 98/71/EC. European Parliament report on the amended proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) on Community design (COM(1999)310 – C5-0129/1999 – 1993/0463(CNS)), A5-0150/2000 Gorham Mfg. Co. v. White, 81 U.S. 511, 525 (1871). Helferich Patent Licensing, LLC v. New York Times Co. 778 F.3d at 1303–05 (Fed. Cir. 2015) High Point Design LLC v. Buyers Direct, Inc., 730 F.3d 1301, 1315 (Fed. Cir. 2013). In re Zahn, 617 F.2d 261, 268 (C.C.P.A. 1980) In the Matter of Certain Automotive Parts, Investigation No. 337-TA-557, Publication No. 4012 (I.T.C. June 1, 2008). Kendall Co. v. Progressive Med. Tech., Inc., 85 F.3d 1570, 1573 (Fed. Cir. 1996). L.A. Gear v. Thom McAn 988 F.2d 1117 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Lebrilla v. Farmers, 119 Cal. App. 4th 1070 (June 2004). OddzOn Products, Inc. v. Just Toys, Inc. 122 F.3d 1396 (Fed. Cir. 1997); Richardson v. Stanley Works, 543 F3.d 1288 (Fed. Cir. 2010). OLG Stuttgart, 11 September 2014, 2 U 46/14, GRUR 2015, 380. Proposal for a direcetive of the european parliament and of the council amending directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs, Extended Impact Assessment, SEC(2004) 1097, {COM(2004)582 final} Proposal for a directive of the european parliament and of the counsil amending directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs, Extended Impact Assessment. Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc., 553 U.S. 617 (2008). Skurka Aerospace, Inc. v. Eaton Aerospace, L.L.C., No. 08 Civ. 1565 (N.D. Ohio, E. Div. Order March 31, 2011) Smith v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 289 S.W.3d 675 (Mo. App. 2009) Suprema Corte di Cassazione (Italy), 13 May 2014, Case No. 37451/2014 – Vorwerk Folletto; Dyson Ltd v. Qualtex (UK) Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 166 T-11/08, Kwang Yang Motors v. OHIM (Honda), [2011], ECR II -0000 T-427/08 - CEAHR v Commission , 2010 II-05865, Judgment of the General Court (Fourth Chamber) of 15 December 2010. Testimony of Don Risley, ASA, at Congressional hearing on the PARTS Act, 2 February 2016. The economic review of industrial design in europe --- Final report, MARKT/2013/064/D2/ST/OP UNSPECIFIED (1991) , Green Paper on the Legal Protection of Industrial Design. Working document of the services of the Commission. III/F/5131/91-EN, June 1991. Written Comments of LKQ Corporation and Quality Parts Coalition for the United States Patent and Trademark Office at the Town Hall Meeting on the Protection of Industrial Designs (July 15, 2008)   網路文獻(Last Visited, January 12, 2022) ACEA(2021, Feb 1), Average age of the EU vehicle fleet by country, https://www.acea.auto/figure/average-age-of-eu-vehicle-fleet-by-country AIPLA(2015), Draft Resolution on the PARTS bill (AIPLA Resolution), http://www.aipla.org/committees/committee_pages/Industrial-Designs/Committee%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx. Benjamin Frowein, Nikolaus Lang, Florian Schmieg, Georg Sticher(2014), Returning to Growth: A Look at the European Automotive Aftermarket, in https://www.bcg.com/publications/2014/sales-channel-returning-growth-european-automotive-aftermarket Binder, Alan K. and Rae, John Bell(2020, Nov 12), Automotive industry, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry. BodyShop Business Staff Writes(2009, Feb 9), Oral Arguments Heard in Ford Parts Patent Suit, https://www.bodyshopbusiness.com/oral-arguments-heard-in-ford-parts-patent-suit/ Christopher D. Carroll(2021, March 9), Consumption and the business cycle, Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/consumption/Consumption-and-the-business-cycle#ref897207 Collision Zone, WIKIPEDIA, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_zone Daimler(2008, Nov 12), Pedestrian protection offered by the new E-Class: The bonnet is raised 50 millimetres instantaneously upon impact with a pedestrian, https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Pedestrian-protection-offered-by-the-new-E-Class-The-bonnet-is-raised-50-millimetres-instantaneously-upon-impact-with-a-pedestrian.xhtml?oid=9361563 European Automobile Manufacturers Association(2020), Economic and Market Report_EU Atonotive Industry Full-year 2020, https://www.acea.auto/files/Economic_and_Market_Report_full-year_2020.pdf Gary L. 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Kaminski Leduc(2009), AUTO INSURERS REQUIRING USE OF AFTERMARKET PARTS, Available at: https://www.cga.ct.gov/2009/rpt/2009-R-0398.htm WIKIPEDIA, Durable Goods, https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%90%E4%B9%85%E8%B2%A1 WIKIPEDIA, Flange, https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0_(%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0) WIKIPEDIA, Ford model T, https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%A6 LKQ(2009, April 1), Ford Motor Company And LKQ Corporation Settle Patent Disputes, https://investor.lkqcorp.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2009/Ford-Motor-Company-And-LKQ-Corporation-Settle-Patent-Disputes/default.aspx LKQ(2015, April 9), LKQ Corporation And Ford Renew Patent License Agreement, https://investor.lkqcorp.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2015/LKQ-Corporation-And-Ford-Renew-Patent-License-Agreement/default.aspx Patricia E. Hong(2008, July 15), WRITTEN COMMENTS THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS, http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/dapp/opla/comments/designstownhall/hong.pdf Vehicle Service Pros.com(2020, Jan 1), Nationwide joins QPC in favor of 'repair clause', https://www.vehicleservicepros.com/collision-repair/article/21168615/nationwide-joins-qpc-in-favor-of-repair-clause Quality Parts Coalition(2015 Jan 22), How Consumers Benefit from Competition,https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150122005160/en/Quality-Parts-Coalition-Explains-How-Consumers-Benefit-from-Competition Quality Parts Coalition(2007), CAR COMPANIES THREATEN TO MONOPOLIZE MARKET FOR COLLISION REPAIR PARTS, http://www.qualitypartscoalition.com/about/history.html
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/85585-
dc.description.abstract智慧財產作為現代商業活動中相當重要的一環,除了著作、商標外,設計的重要性也漸漸凸顯。專利制度是國家刺激經濟、競爭與技術發展之重要「政策工具」。專利制度誕生以來,無疑是以刺激技術發展為主要追求。惟隨著現代社會發展,漸有保護國內產業與消費者利益之論述出現。 近年在汽車產業,原廠車商除了利用發明或新型專利,保護自家品牌的研發成果外,漸漸也有利用消費者於維修車輛時「回復車輛出廠原始外觀的心理」,以「設計」保護車輛的外觀。基於此種情形在汽車產業中,最為「副廠」零件製造、分銷業者所期待者,則是所謂的「維修條款」(Repair Clause)。 維修條款(Repair Clause)之目的,在符合特定條件下,免除提供維修、更換車輛外觀碰撞零件,以恢復車輛原始外觀,可能產生的設計專利侵權責任。而這與多國現行專利法制、實務有所扞格。 我國自2019年帝寶車燈案之前,學界、實務界除偶有零星文獻探討外,並未見針對「維修條款」之熱烈討論。似仍處於商業上蓬勃討論之狀態,雖智慧財產局與立法院已舉辦數場公聽會,集結多位專家學者就此一議題提出各國立法例,惟相關學術論文尚未多見。本文先從汽車產業的發展史與對國家的經濟意義出發,分析維修條款的相關法律爭議,並描繪出針對此一議題正反雙方論點。再依序統整美國、歐洲兩大經濟體的相關實務案例與立法例,分析我國有無維修條款的立法需求。 結論方面,本文認為我國汽車產業之現狀,確實以外觀零件之製造與出口為主,是我國經濟的一重要產業。並在文末試圖提出修法建議,以供參考。zh_TW
dc.description.abstractDespite Copyright and Trademark, as an important role in modern business, the importance of design become more and more crucial. The Patent system is a “policy tool” for a country to stimulate economic, competition and technological development. There is no doubt that since the birth of patent, the main pursuit is to stimulate technological development. However, with the development of modern society, the discussion of protecting the interests of domestic industries and consumers has gradually emerged. Recently, in the automotive industry, besides using Invention or Utility Patents to protect the R&D achievements of their own brands, OEMs have gradually protected the vehicle's exterior appearance by 'Design', which takes advantage of consumers' mentality to 'restore the original appearance of the vehicle' when repairing. Based on this situation, in the automotive industry, what mostly expected by 'Non-OEM' manufacturers and distributors is the so-called 'Repair Clause'. The purpose of the “Repair Clause” is to exempt, under certain conditions, the provision of repair and replacement of vehicle exterior crash parts to restore the original appearance of the vehicle, which may result in design patent infringement. However, it is inconsistent with the current patent legal systems and practices in many countries. In Taiwan, before the “case of DEPO head lamp” in 2019, there were few discussions in the academia, also has been no heated discussion on the 'Repair Clause'. Although the Intellectual Property Bureau and the Legislative Yuan have held several public hearings, gathering a number of experts and scholars to propose national legislation on this topic, there are not many related academic papers. This article starts from the history of the development of the automotive industry and its economic significance to the country, analyzes the legal disputes related to repair clause, and describes the pros and cons of this issue. Then, to integrate in order regarding relevant practical cases and legislative cases of the two major economies of the United States and Europe, and analyzes the legal needs of whether there should have a Repair Clause in Taiwan. In conclusion, this paper believes that the current situation of Taiwan’s automotive industry is indeed dominated by the manufacture and export of exterior parts, which is an important industry to Taiwan’s economy. At the end of the article, I try to put forward suggestions for revision of the law for reference.en
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dc.description.tableofcontents誌謝 ………………………………………………………………………………………….i 摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………………ii 英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………………iii 目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………………v 圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………………ix 表目錄 …………………………………………………………………………………………x 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第一項 台灣案例:賓士車燈案第一審判決 2 第二項 台灣之立法草案 10 第二節 研究目的 14 第三節 研究方法與範圍 14 第二章 維修條款非法律、法律背景與正反立論 15 第一節 汽車產業發展史與經濟意義 15 第一項 汽車產業發展史簡介 15 第二項 現代汽車產業分工 19 第三項 汽車產業之特殊性 21 第四項 汽車零件製造業之規模 24 第五項 其他可能適用維修條款之產業 27 第六項 小結 29 第二節 維修條款相關法律爭議 31 第一項 設計保護與零件設計保護 31 第二項 依附整車外觀之零件外觀是否受設計保護? 32 第三項 小結 34 第三節 維修條款正反論點 34 第一項 支持論點 36 第二項 反對論點 38 第三項 小結 43 第三章 美國設計保護、維修條款相關案例與立法趨勢 44 第一節 美國的零件設計保護 45 第一項 設計保護要件 45 第二項 部分設計保護 46 第三項 零件設計保護要件-可視性 47 第四項 排除設計保護事由 48 第二節 美國非OES零件發展 49 第三節 美國案例 50 第一項 零件市場與保險利益:Avery v. State Farm 51 第二項 嘗試阻擋副廠零件:Ford v. LKQ (ITC程序) 52 第三項 車輛外觀零件設計指標性判決:ABPA v. Ford Co. 54 第四項 小結 60 第四節 美國立法過程與現狀 62 第一項 促進汽車維修、貿易和銷售法案(PARTs Act) 63 第二項 SMART Act 66 第三項 小結 67 第四章 歐盟設計保護、維修條款相關案例與立法趨勢 69 第一節 設計保護要件與複合產品零件保護 70 第一項 設計保護要件 70 第二項 複合產品設計保護 71 第三項 零件設計保護要件—可視性 72 第四項 排除設計保護事由 73 第二節 歐盟維修條款現狀 74 第一項 歐盟維修條款相關條文 75 第二項 小結 88 第三節 歐盟案例 89 第一項 歐盟維修條款制定歷程與適用:R&M案 89 第二項 車用輪框不適用維修條款:Acasia案 93 第四節 小結 103 第五章 台灣設計專利權與立法選項 105 第一節 我國零件設計保護 105 第一項 設計保護要件 105 第二項 部分設計保護 107 第三項 排除設計保護事由 108 第二節 我國維修條款之討論 109 第一項 台灣汽車零件製造業規模 109 第二項 我國維修條款相關討論 114 第三節 維修條款的立法模式 116 第一項 維持現狀 117 第二項 排除售後市場零件設計保護 117 第三項 縮短售後市場零件設計保護期限 119 第四項 授權金制度 119 第五項 混合:縮短期限、授權金制度 120 第六項 小結:各立法選項對利益相關者的效益分析 120 第四節 維修條款之相關配套措施 122 第一項 範圍限制 123 第二項 零件強制認證制度 125 第三項 過渡期間條款 128 第四項 揭露條款 132 第五項 小結 135 第六章 結論 137 第一節 汽車零件外觀在多國受設計保護 137 第二節 維修條款爭議涉及許多面向 137 第一項 我國零件製造業之保護 138 第二項 國際貿易方面 138 第三項 消費者權益方面 139 第三節 我國維修條款立法建議 139 參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………………………141
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subject副廠zh_TW
dc.subject設計專利zh_TW
dc.subject碰撞件zh_TW
dc.subject維修免責條款zh_TW
dc.subject汽車產業zh_TW
dc.subject原廠zh_TW
dc.subject專利侵權zh_TW
dc.subjectDesign Patenten
dc.subjectCrash Partsen
dc.subjectNon-OEMen
dc.subjectOEMen
dc.subjectPatent Infringementen
dc.subjectRepair Clauseen
dc.subjectAutomotive industryen
dc.title台灣維修條款立法芻議-比較歐、美案例與立法zh_TW
dc.titleLegislative proposal for Repair Clause in Taiwan - Comparison to USA and EU case and legislativeen
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear110-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee沈宗倫(Zong-Lun SHEN),許曉芬(Hsiao-Fen Hsu)
dc.subject.keyword汽車產業,維修免責條款,專利侵權,設計專利,原廠,副廠,碰撞件,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordAutomotive industry,Repair Clause,Patent Infringement,Design Patent,OEM,Non-OEM,Crash Parts,en
dc.relation.page147
dc.identifier.doi10.6342/NTU202201020
dc.rights.note同意授權(全球公開)
dc.date.accepted2022-07-04
dc.contributor.author-college法律學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept法律學研究所zh_TW
dc.date.embargo-lift2022-08-03-
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