科技巨頭帶給傳統金融機構的機遇與風險

Abstract

金融科技公司的競爭優勢和新穎的服務方式通常被傳統實體金融機構視為機遇與風險。新技術使新創的金融科技公司能夠敏捷的拆分金融服務，提供部分金融服務或彙整客戶服務界面。 然而賽局中經常被忽視的科技巨頭公司，實際上卻是更大的玩家。雖然目前金融服務在科技巨頭公司的整體活動中只佔相對較小的一部分，但由於其商業模式的獨特性，這種情況可能會發生變化。國際貨幣基金組織在 2021年已經承認，科技巨頭的金融領域甚至有潛力變得具有系統重要性或“大到不能倒”的事實。 本文將探討科技巨頭公司進入傳統金融機構市場的動態以及相關的機遇與風險。因此，本文將回顧當前有關創新技術影響金融業務的文獻，擇其最具發展潛力項目做進一步的闡述。此外，將金融業務流程依功能及類別分群，使其與適用的創新技術結合來描述場景，最終為金融機構、科技巨頭公司和一般市場提供與這些場景相關的機遇、風險和影響。

Competitive advantages and novel service approach of FinTech companies are usually seen as opportunities and risks for traditional, brick & mortar financial institutions. New technologies allow agile FinTech start-ups to unbundle financial services, offering partial financial services or aggregation- and customer interface services. However, Big Tech is actually bigger, but often overlooked player in the game. While at present, financial services represent a relatively small part of Big Techs' overall activities, this could change due to the unique features of their business models. Big Tech in finance even has the potential to become systemically important or 'too big to fail', a fact recognized by the International Monetary Fund in 2021. This paper will look into the dynamics of Big Tech entering the market of Traditional Financial Institutions and the associated opportunities and risks. As such, this paper will review current literature on innovative technologies impacting finance business and select the most promising of those. Furthermore, finance business processes will be grouped into functions and clusters. These will be combined with applicable innovative technologies to describe scenarios to finally provide opportunities, risks and implications associated with these scenarios for financial institutions, Big Tech and the general market.