流動的情慾、僵化的性／別？ 臺灣雙性戀者的親密關係、性／別困境與協商策略

Abstract

臺灣目前的雙性戀研究相對匱乏、既有雙性戀研究大多未將男、女雙性戀者分開討論、認同政治的主流化，使許多「雙性情慾實踐經驗者」未能成為雙性戀研究的主體，是使當前臺灣的雙性戀者的處境普遍未被認識的幾個重要原因。故在研究設計上，本研究中的受訪者皆具備雙性情慾實踐經驗，但不一定具備雙性戀認同。本研究的主要目標，是透過理解臺灣不同性別的雙性戀者在親密關係中所遭逢的困境與協商策略，以描繪臺灣的雙性戀者的性別差異，以及他們會受到哪些因素影響他們如何「做雙性戀」與「做性別」。 對男雙性戀者而言，他們所面臨的壓迫主要來自於陽剛霸權與異性戀霸權。為了規避汙名，他們普遍有壓抑同性情慾、刻意展演陽剛，且在生命早期先與女性交往的傾向。直至有經濟自主的能力，成為符合在地陽剛想像的「有擔當的男人」，才會考慮進入長期穩定的同性親密關係。 對女雙性戀者而言，她們所面臨的壓迫主要來自於父權與單性戀霸權。女性與性少數的雙重弱勢身分、部分女同志的厭雙傾向，使她們的雙性情慾在異／同性戀社群中都被忽視。但也因為如此，這些女雙性戀者能更容易地在異／同親密關係市場中穿梭，並透過策略性地性別展演，吸引自身喜好的對象，構築一套屬於自己的「交往經濟學」邏輯。 在性別差異上，女雙性戀者具備政治性身分認同的比例較男雙性戀者為高，較願意揭露自己的情史、投入性別運動，為性少數身分正名；男雙性戀者中傾向低調度日者則比女雙性戀者為高，即便在日常中活中沒有遭受歧視，仍然希望盡可能迴避男男情慾帶來的汙名，認為把自己的日子過好即可。

Research into bisexuals in Taiwan remains limited, and existing research rarely looks into the different between male and female bisexuals. The mainstreaming of identity politics has also made it difficult with those with bisexual experiences to become the subject of bisexual research. These factors both account for some of the difficulty of accounting for bisexual experiences in research in Taiwan thus far. In response, this research is designed around those with bisexual experiences rather than only those who identify as bisexual. The main goals of this study are: to understand the challenges and strategies of negotiation used by bisexuals in their intimate relationships; to outline the difference in experience of male and female bisexuals, and to understand which factors affect how they choose to “doing bisexuality” and “doing gender”. For male bisexuals, the main difficulties they face arise from hegemonic masculinity and hegemonic heterosexuality. In order to evade such stigma, male bisexuals often suppress their same-sex desires and intentionally present as masculine. Most also first had sexual experiences with women (and only later with men). It is only when such men reach a level of financial autonomy and are thus able to meet local standards of masculinity and manhood that they start to consider seeking out long-term and stable homosexual relationships. As for female bisexuals, the main difficulties they face come from the patriarchy and monosexual hegemony. Due to possessing two minoritized identities (women and bisexual), and also due to the tendency among some lesbians to reject bisexuals, these women are often ignored in both heterosexual and homosexual community. But because of this, these women are often able to shift in between both heterosexual and homosexual communities and use strategic performance of gender to attract desired partners, which has lead to the emergence of their own logic of “ economic relationships”. With regards to differences between men and women, female bisexuals are comparatively more likely to have a political self-identity; are often more willing to disclose their previous sexual and romantic history; are more likely to participate in social movements; and to strive for the for the correct naming of sexual minority communities. Male bisexuals are more likely to maintain a low profile, and although they are often able to avoid prejudice in their daily lives, they still actively try to avoid the prejudice attached to male homosexual relationships and instead focus on ensuring a good life for themselves.