中共中央及省級統戰部長人員流動—胡習時期的分析觀察

Abstract

中共菁英甄補任用中所強調的既紅又專憑證，顯現於中央與省級統戰部長的人員特徵上，透過與地方的連結，是黨組織與社會群體間的橋樑。 本研究主要檢視胡錦濤到習近平時期，中央與地方統戰部門菁英圖像與流動結構；本研究試圖連結菁英流動與統戰政策，同時觀察統戰部門的重要性日趨增加。 本研究發現胡錦濤時期仍維持統戰部門傳統，以地方治理作為主軸，惟在政策與人員結構上開始呈現多元化的特色；習近平時期在人員流動結構上出現中央集權的「異地交流」與「中央空降」，人員背景與來源更加多元，透過組織化、中央集權等政策邏輯運行，將原屬連結地方的統戰部門，轉化成中央主導下的重要意識形態部門，遂行習近平「大統戰」戰略。 習時期統戰工作已成為現代中國國家發展戰略不可或缺的部分，是頂層設計的一環，更是全盤規劃出檯的結果。統戰工作助於「習思想制度化」，使原屬抽象上位概念的「習思想」，以制度方式具體落實於黨、國家，以及社會。

Elite recruitment of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has put emphasis on both political and educational credentials. This elite dualism has also been seen in the elite structure of the United Front Work Department (UFWD) central and provincial level. In addition, with the connection to local affairs, UFWD builds a bridge between CCP and other social groups in Chinese society. The article explores characteristics as well as mobility structure of the central and provincial UFWD in Xi’s and his predecessor Hu’s regimes. The article also attempts to establish the link between this mobility structure and the policies of the united front, in order to elaborate the UFWD’s importance has increasing in CCP’s political agenda. The article ascertains that the UFWD remained local governance conventionally in Hu’s regime, whereas initiated to diversify in policies and elite structure. When it comes to Xi’s tenure, the elite mobility emerged either through office exchanges between different provinces or direct planting from the party central committee. In terms of elite characteristics and sources, those in Xi’s era has shown greater varieties. With legalization, systematization and high centralization of authority, the UFWD has transformed from local connections to central operations morphed into an ideological tool to serve the facilitation of the Grand United Front Strategy in Xi’s regime.