借鏡德國2002年債法展望我國買賣瑕疵擔保法之修正

Abstract

因應當代交易趨勢，先進國家近年多已為契約法之修正。買賣法作為交換契約法之典型，當為首要修正對象。西元2002年施行之德國債法現代化法，詮釋、內化歐盟指令，就債總一般債務不履行法暨買賣法之規範結構為重大變革，成功解決西元1900年德國舊民法施行以來之諸多疑義。我國法務部「民法債務不履行、瑕疵擔保責任及請求權時效制度規範之檢討與立法建議」研究成果報告書，爰仿效德國債法現代化法，擬定學術版民法修正草案條文。 惟學術版民法修正草案條文之立法理由稍嫌空泛，理解德國債法現代化法或失精確，甚屬遺憾。為鞏固我國將來法律適用上之明確性，本文借鑑德國債法現代化法數份立法理由就德國新、舊民法之詳盡分析，暨德國法有力文獻就此相應之批判暨評價，於立法論及解釋論上，針對買受人因瑕疵所生之權利規範，提出淺見供參。

In response to the contemporary trend of transactions, most advanced countries have completed contract law revisions in recent years. As a typical type of mutual contract, the law of sales naturally becomes the primary target of the revisions. The German Law of Obligations, implemented in 2002, interpreted and internalized the EU Directive and suc-cessfully resolved many problems since the old version of the German Civil Code was implemented in 1900. The Taiwan Ministry of Justice’s 2017 research report on “Review and Legislative Proposals on the Regulation of the Law of Default, Warranty Against De-fects, and the Statute of Limitations” has therefore drawn up an academic version of the draft revision to the Taiwan Civil Code, following the example of the German Law of Ob-ligations 2002. Nevertheless, the legislative explanation of the academic version of the draft revision to the Taiwan Civil Code is quite vague. It is also regrettable that the understanding of the German Law of Obligations 2002 is imprecise therein. In order to consolidate the trans-parency of the future application of the Taiwan Civil Code, this article firstly draws on several legislative explanation documents of the German Law of Obligations 2002 as well as the corresponding criticism and evaluation in German legal literature to analyze the dif-ference between new and old German Civil Code norms in detail, then offers opinions on the seller’s liability due to defects in terms of legislative and interpretive theory.