超越摩爾:小晶片製造市場之廠商經營與發展策略分析-以T公司與I公司為例

Abstract

在萬物互聯的大數據時代，對資料處理的速度、效率與延遲的要求越來越高。應用在資料中心與邊緣運算伺服器的高效能運算晶片便是大數據相關應用是否能持續發展的關鍵因素。然而，推動科技進步長達50年的半導體產業卻在此時遇到了市場、技術、經濟以及傳統系統單晶片(SoC)架構限制等挑戰，摩爾定律是否能各延續其過去所帶來的技術突破以及經濟效益已被打上問號。 小晶片(Chiplet)被視為延續甚至超越摩爾定律的關鍵架構，其將原先因整合了多個功能模組與核心的大面積系統單晶片(SoC)拆解為多個不同功能的小晶片並分別製造完成後，再利用先進封裝技術將多個小晶片像堆樂高積木般整合在單一封裝之中。小晶片架構對半導體產業的未來提供了更系統層面的性能提升、更經濟的製造方式以及更短的產品開發時程。由於小晶片的未來性與市場的高成長性，全球半導體大廠無不積極展開對小晶片架構的市場與技術佈局。 本研究採用個案研究的分析方式，以T-公司與I-公司為案例。在對小晶片產業的崛起背景、市場、產品以及封裝技術進行整體的介紹，接著再利用五力分析探討出產業的關鍵因素並比較兩家公司的財務狀況、事業組合、企業層級的經營與發展策略以及小晶片發展策略進行詳細的剖析。T-公司與I-公司不僅在核心資源與能力和小晶片產業的關鍵因素具有高匹配性，兩家公司的企業發展策略更是皆投入大量的資源在小晶片市場發展。經過比對小晶片產業的關鍵要素與兩家公司的資源、能力與策略後，本研究整理出T-公司與I-公司在小晶片產業的優勢與劣勢並給予建議。

In the era of big data where everything is connected, the requirements for higher data processing speed, better efficiency and lower delay are getting higher and higher. High-performance computing chips used in data centers and edge computing servers are the key factor in the sustainable development of big data-related applications. However, the semiconductor industry, which has driven technology evolution for over 50 years, has encountered market, technology, economic and SoC architecture challenges at this time. Can Moore's Law continue the technological breakthroughs and bringing economic benefits have been put in question. Chiplet is regarded as a key architecture that continues or even surpasses Moore's Law. It disassembles the original large-area SoC which integrates multiple functional modules and cores into multiple small chips with different functions. After these small chips being manufactured separately, advanced packaging technology is used to integrate multiple small chips into a single package like a stack of Lego blocks. Comparing to traditional SoC architecture, the chiplet architecture offers better system-level performance improvements, more economical manufacturing, and shorter time to market. Due to the potential of Chiplet in both market and technology, global semiconductor manufacturers are proactively developing Chiplet architecture technology and making market strategy. This research adopts the analysis method of case study and taking T-Company and I-Company as the target companies. After an overall introduction of the background, market, products and key packaging technologies of the Chiplet, Porter five forces analysis is adopted to explore the critical success factor of Chiplet manufacturing industry. The financial status, business portfolio, and enterprise-level operation and development strategy of the two companies were analyzed in detail. It is shown that both T-Company and I-Company possessed the matched core resources and capabilities to the critical success factor of Chiplet manufacturing industry, they also invest a lot of resources in Chiplet technology and market development. By comparing the critical success factor of Chiplet manufacturing industry and the resources, capabilities and strategies of the two companies, this study sorts out the advantages and disadvantages of T-Company and I-Company and gives development strategy suggestions.