長照機構住房換氣型態與空氣傳播疾病風險研究

Abstract

本研究根據計算流體力學模擬結果發現，自然換氣條件下由窗戶向外抽氣的模型普遍有較低的疾病感染風險，在自然換氣條件下向外抽氣抑制疾病傳播的效果相對較佳，但部分區域有空氣難以交換的死角或迴流區域。自然換氣條件下，即使通風量符合建議規範，仍難以有效均勻置換室內空氣，角落區域易有濃度蓄積情形，有較高的疾病感染風險，長照機構住房使用自然換氣降低空氣傳播疾病感染風險的成效有限。機械換氣條件下的模型能有效提升空氣品質，均勻地混合室內空氣，較少空氣滯留的死角區域，比較不同機械換氣條件發現，當使用中央空調型送風口，並將送迴風口裝設在住房正中央位置時，Wells-Riley計算結果的疾病傳播風險較低，室內空間中有各個方向的速度分布均勻混合空氣，具有低二氧化碳濃度與較佳的空氣品質，並有最少的室內微粒數量，是機械換氣條件下降低疾病傳播風險能力較佳的機械換氣設備。本研究得到結論為，對於尺寸相似的環境建議優先採用機械換氣設備取代自然通風，裝設機械換氣設備時建議選用中央空調型送風口的換氣設備，並將送迴風口裝設在住房正中央位置，以減少健康照護人員與住民的疾病感染風險。

The simulation results found that the model that draws air out of the window under natural ventilation conditions generally has a lower risk of disease infection. The effect of air pumping out under natural ventilation conditions is relatively good in inhibiting the spread of disease. Still, some areas have dead spots or backflow areas where the air is difficult to exchange. Under natural ventilation, it is difficult to effectively and uniformly replace the indoor air, and the corner areas were prone to concentration accumulation, which had a higher risk of disease infection. Using natural ventilation to reduce the risk of contracting airborne diseases was ineffective. Under the conditions of mechanical ventilation, it can effectively improve air quality. When the central air-conditioning type is used, and the return air outlet is installed in the center of the room, the risk of disease transmission is low. This study concluded that it is recommended to use mechanical ventilation equipment for similar environments instead of natural ventilation. When installing mechanical ventilation equipment, it was recommended to use central air-conditioning type ventilation equipment and install the return air outlet in the center of the room to reduce the risk of disease infection.