受文學觀與意識形態操縱的翻譯策略：以路易斯的Mere Christianity為例

Abstract

基督教經典名著Mere Christianity為英國知名作家、文學學者兼基督教護教學家路易斯（C. S. Lewis）所著，由路易斯本人將自己於二戰期間在英國廣播公司（BBC）節目上的一系列廣播集結編寫而成，闡述基督教信仰核心，在烽火連天的當代即為影響廣泛的重要作品。本書對後世信徒亦影響深遠，至今已翻譯成逾36種語言，更受《今日基督教》雜誌評選為二十世紀最具影響力的基督教著作。中文基督教界也深受Mere Christianity影響，早在一九五○年代即有翻譯出版，至今已有五個不同譯本，七十年來一直都是教會討論會與神學院課堂上的常客。近年來影響力最大的中文譯本當屬傳播學教育先驅余也魯教授翻譯、海天書樓出版的《返璞歸真》。此譯本的譯者、編者與出版社均展現強烈的基督教意識形態，而實際分析《返璞歸真》的文本更能看出此譯本明顯受意識形態的操縱與改寫。此現象十分符合勒菲弗爾（Andr? Lefevere）的翻譯理論，他視翻譯為一種「重寫」，必受到譯者的意識型態和文學觀的操縱，且意識形態的影響力更勝於文學觀。但本研究將《返璞歸真》與徐成德牧師翻譯、校園書房出版社出版的最新中文譯本《我如何思考基督教》比較，藉由自傳、學術論文或電子郵件訪談檢視兩位譯者的意識形態與文學觀，並從兩部翻譯文本本身差異最為明顯的部分切入，進而分析兩位譯者各自的翻譯策略，發現決定關鍵並非譯者的意識形態，而是其文學觀以及贊助者的影響力等等。

Mere Christianity is a Christian classic written by world-renowned writer, literature scholar, and Christian apologist C. S. Lewis. Adapted into written form by Lewis himself from a series of broadcast talks he had given on the BBC during World War II, the book explains to its readers fundamental Christian beliefs. Already a widely influential book in wartime Britain where it was first published, Mere Christianity’s remarkable influence has expanded over time and across borders with its translation into more than thirty-six languages. The book was even voted the most influential religious book of the twentieth century by the prominent Christian magazine Christianity Today. Mere Christianity’s influence can also be felt among Chinese-speaking Christians. With five different translations published starting as early as the 1950s, Lewis’s classic has been a regular presence in various church settings and seminaries. The most prominent Chinese translation Fan pu gui zhen, translated by communication studies pioneer Timothy Yu and published by the Rock House Publishers, shows clear evidence of manipulation and rewriting, which is powered by the same Christian ideology shared between the translator, editor, and the publishing house. Such observation goes along with Andr? Lefevere’s view of translation as rewriting, which according to the translation theorist would always be shaped by ideology and poetics, with the former being the more important factor. However, this study proposes a different conclusion by comparing Fan pu gui zhen with the latest Chinese translation Wo ru he sikao jidujiao translated by Christian pastor Daniel Shyu and published by Campus Evangelical Fellowship Press. By studying the autobiography, scholarly research, or email interviews of the two translators in order to understand their respective ideologies and poetics, and by comparing and analyzing parts of the two translated texts where the strategies of the two translators are most drastically different, this study contends that in some cases, the translator’s poetics, what the translator aims to produce in the receiving culture, as well as the role of the editor and the influential power of the patron, might all overshadow the influence of ideology.