從空污到遷村：大林蒲的大氣海洋政治

Abstract

隨著空污成為當代議題，風也再次進入都市生活之視野。2013年，大林蒲以西南風為名成功擋下遊艇製造專區計畫，也成為大林蒲將風帶入空污政治的首次嘗試。本文欲以大林蒲這個「第一個以風終止重大開發計畫」之社區為例，援引Deleuze 與Guattari平滑空間與條理空間概念，理論化當代社會中人與風的多重關係，並說明大林蒲社區居民與政府，量體流動與領域布局間的衝突。 隨著政府60年代起便不斷擴張的工業區開發，政府條理空間想像下的領域布局工作屢次擴大，並帶來污染問題。在污染地理中，本文歸納兩種人與風的關係：一方面，冬季東北風夾帶著大量空污「塗粉(thôo-hún，落塵)」進入社區，使風向成為空氣污染問題的核心；另一方面，隨著西南沿岸工業區開發，原本能帶來純淨空氣的西南風，也成為瀕危、被居民守護的對象。生處於「天氣世界」中，西南風更展現了居民「海洋根源」的訴求與呼籲，不但促使居民關注大氣、海洋的量體流動，人—大氣—海洋糾纏的空間想像也逐漸建立。剖析大林蒲之案例，本文指出兩種人與風的關係：其一是海洋漁業活動中，人—大氣—海洋的量體流動思維；其二，本文也指出，在當代空氣污染中，量體流動思維重新進入都市，挑戰了二維空間的領域佈局。透過三維量體流動思維與二維空間領域布局思維的對比，本文說明遷村爭議中地方居民不願搬遷的大氣—海洋因素，並指出都市規劃以土地為核心、二維平面領域布局思考之侷限。 理論貢獻上，本文將「風」帶入分析框架中，彌補「風、天氣、大氣」在近年物質轉向中被忽略的理論缺陷。在實務上，本文以居民的量體流動思維反思今日都市規劃之實踐，並思考另類都市之可能。

As air pollution has become a contemporary issue, wind has once again entered the vision of urban life. In 2013, the community of Dalinpu successfully terminated the development of Yacht Manufacturing Area with an aim to secure the southwest wind. This was Dalinpu communitys first attempt to bring up wind in the campaign against air pollution. Referring to the concepts of smooth space and striated space developed by Deleuze and Guattari, this article intends to use Dalinpu as an example to theorize the multiple relationships between people and wind in contemporary society, and the conflict between territorial deployment and voluminous fluid. Since the 1960s, industrial areas have continuously expanded around Dalinpu. The territorial deployment conducted by the government with an imagination of striated space has brought the risk of pollution to the community. Living in the polluted geographies, this article summarizes two kinds of relationships between people and wind. In winter, the northeast wind carries a large amount of wind-blown pollutant dust ('thôo-hún' in Taiwanese) into the community, which makes wind direction the core of the debates in air pollution issue. On the other hand, because the location of the Yacht Manufacturing Area was initially located on the reclaimed land west to Dalinpu, it could directly endanger the quality of southwest wind which has brought the village clean air from the ocean for decades in the polluted geographies. Base on the interviews and ethnography in Dalinpu, this article points out two kinds of relationships between people and wind. Living in the “weather-world” (Ingold, 2011), the inhabitants demonstrated their appeals for a clean southwest wind. Interestingly, the southwest wind connotes not only the fluid volume of air, but also the community’s rich history of ocean. While the inhabitant encounters the voluminous fluid during marine fishery activities, wind is highly connected to the voluminous fluid of ocean, leading to the imagination of body-atmosphere-ocean entanglement. Second, in the midst of air pollution, wind and the voluminous fluid thinking now challenges the territorial deployment of village relocation aiming to solve the air pollution problem. Through the comparison of three-dimensional voluminous fluid and two-dimensional territorial deployment, this article argues the atmospheric-oceanic factors that local residents are unwilling to relocate because of the wind direction, and points out the limitations of two-dimensional urban planning. In terms of theoretical contribution, this article brings 'wind' into the analytical framework to make up for the theoretical shortcomings of 'wind, weather, and atmosphere' that have been neglected in the material turn in academia in recent years. In practice, this article raises reflections on today's urban planning with a new lens of voluminous fluid which may bring us new possibility of an alternative city.